从《乌有乡消息》看威廉·莫里斯的生态社会主义思想  

William Morris’Ecosocialism in News from Nowhere

作　　者：姚成贺 杨金才[2] Yao Chenghe;Yang Jincai

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学外国语言文学学院,北京100875 [2]南京大学外国语学院,南京210046

出　　处：《学海》2022年第4期194-201,共8页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“威廉·莫里斯艺术社会主义思想的文献译介与理论阐释”(项目号:18ZDA289)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：威廉·莫里斯被誉为生态社会主义的先驱。19世纪末自然环境的恶化与艺术品味的降低令他将关于生态社会的理想凝聚于乌托邦小说《乌有乡消息》之中,展现一个人与自然和谐相处的“生态乌托邦”。在继承罗斯金的生态观与环境观、拉斐尔前派与唯美主义自然观并接受马克思主义劳动生产理论的基础上,莫里斯展开了社会主义视野内的生态问题讨论。对自然与美之间必然联系的认识、对资本主义生产导致环境不断恶化的愤慨,令莫里斯走上社会主义的道路,而马克思主义的环境思想与劳动生产理论最终促成了莫里斯生态社会主义思想的构建。William Morris is regarded as the pioneer of Ecosocialism.Due to the deterioration of the natural environment and artistic taste around the end of the 19th century,he presents an ecological ideal in the form of utopian novels.Based on Ruskin’s ecological environmental theory,Pre-Raphaelites and aesthetic views of nature,and Marxist labor production theory,Morris launches a discussion on ecological issues within the socialist vision.Nature and beauty described in News from Nowhere embodies a realistic signification,probing into the relationship between socialist revolution and ecological concern.Morris’s socialism begins with his awareness of the connection between nature and beauty,and the indignation at the deteriorating environment caused by capitalist production,while Marxist environmental thought and labor production theory finally led to the construction of his ecosocialism.

关 键 词：威廉·莫里斯 《乌有乡消息》 生态社会主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]