鲤鱼湖的水化学特征和鱼类多样性  

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Fish Diversity of Liyu Lake

作　　者：杨富亿[1] 文波龙[1] 李晓宇[1] 杨艳丽 万斯昂 陈凤臻[3] 欧阳玲[3] 宋述芹[3] 赵胜男 YANG Fuyi;WEN Bolong;LI Xiaoyu;YANG Yanli;WAN Siang;CHEN Fengzhen;OUYANG Ling;SONG Shuqin;ZHAO Shengnan(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;College of Geography and Enveronmental Science,Hainnan Normal University,Haikou 571199,Hainan,P.R.China;Chifeng University,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]海南师范大学地理与环境科学学院,海南海口571199 [3]赤峰学院,内蒙古赤峰024000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第3期317-325,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区赤峰学院院士专家工作站项目(cfxyys 201701);中国共产党吉林省委组织部人才团队项目(2016)资助。

摘　　要：根据2019年对鲤鱼湖的调查结果,研究了鲤鱼湖的水化学特征和鱼类多样性。研究结果表明,2019年7月,鲤鱼湖水体的含盐量、碱度和硬度的平均值分别为0.29 g/L、3.02 mmol/L和2.01 mmol/L,Na^(+)浓度与K^(+)浓度比值、1/2Ca^(2+)浓度与1/2Mg^(2+)浓度比值、(Na^(+)+K^(+))浓度与(1/2Mg^(2+)+1/2Ca^(2+))浓度比值、碱度与硬度比值的平均值分别为6.55、0.36、0.77和1.50;COD_(Cr)和COD_(Mn)质量浓度的平均值分别为45.58 mg/L和8.50 mg/L,总氮和总磷质量浓度的平均值分别为0.823 mg/L和0.105 mg/L,氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和活性磷酸盐质量浓度的平均值分别为0.126 mg/L、0.024 mg/L、5.2×10^(-3) mg/L和0.033 mg/L,氮磷比的平均值为12.66;氟化物、氰化物、硫化物和挥发性酚质量浓度的平均值分别为0.607 mg/L、0.97μg/L、0.88μg/L和1.62μg/L,铬、镍、砷、铅、铜、镉、锌和汞元素质量浓度的平均值分别为0.045μg/L、0.243μg/L、4.92μg/L、0.598μg/L、0.265μg/L、0.038μg/L、0.626μg/L和1.455×10^(-2)μg/L;鲤鱼湖中有3目5科17属17种鱼类,由6个区系生态类群构成,其与达里湖和岗更湖中的鱼类关系密切;鲤鱼湖的湖水为碳酸盐类钠组Ⅰ型水,鲤鱼湖为淡水湖泊,水体中度污染且重度富营养化,COD_(Mn)、挥发性酚和氨氮为水体的主要污染指标,COD_(Mn)还是水体富营养化的指标;鲤鱼湖的水质对鱼类多样性尚无明显负面影响。Based on the investigation data of Liyu Lake in 2019,the hydrochemical characteristics and fish diversity of Liyu Lake were studied.The means of salt content,alkalinity and hardness of the water of Liyu Lake were 0.29 g/L,3.02 mmol/L and 2.01 mmol/L in July 2019;the ratios of Na^(+)content to K^(+)content1/2Ca^(2+)content to 1/2Mg^(2+)content,(Na^(+)+K^(+))content to(1/2Mg^(2+)+1/2Ca^(2+))content,and alkalinity to hardness of the water of Liyu Lake were 6.55,0.36,0.77 and 1.50 in July 2019;the means of COD_(Cr) and COD_(Mn) contents were 45.58 mg/L and 8.50 mg/L in July 2019;the means of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Liyu Lake were 0.823 mg/L and 0.105 mg/L in July 2019;the means of contents of ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and orthophosphate contents in Liyu Lake were 0.126 mg/L,0.024 mg/L,5.2×10^(-3)mg/L,and 0.033 mg/L in July 2019;and N/P of Liyu Lake was 12.66.The means of fluoride,cyanide,sulfide and volatile phenols contents in Liyu Lake were 0.607 mg/L,0.97μg/L,0.88μg/L and 1.62μg/L,respectively in July 2019.The means of chromium,nickel,arsenic,lead,copper,cadmium,zinc and mercury contents in Liyu Lake were 0.045μg/L,0.243μg/L,4.92μg/L,0.598μg/L,0.265μg/L,0.038μg/L,0.626μg/L and1.455×10^(-2)μg/L,respectively in July 2019.The fish diversity of Liyu Lake was composed of 3 orders,5families,17 genera,17 species and 6 floristic ecological groups,which were closely related to the fish diversity of Dali Lake and Ganggeng Lake.Liyu Lake was a fresh water lake,the lake water was carbonate saline-alkali and sodium groupⅠwate,moderately polluted with severe eutrophication.Potassium permanganate index,volatile phenol and ammonia nitrogen were the main pollution indicators.Potassium permanganate index also was eutrophication indicator.The water quality of Liyu Lake had no negative impac on fish diversity at present.

关 键 词：水化学 鱼类多样性 鲤鱼湖 

分 类 号：S931.2[农业科学—渔业资源] S932[农业科学—水产科学]