盐城黄海湿地丹顶鹤越冬生境质量评估与管理对策研究  

Assessment on Overwintering Habitat Quality of Red-crowned Cranes in Yellow Sea Wetlands in Yancheng and Its Management Strategies

作　　者：王娟 张华兵[1,2] 李玉凤 刘红玉 WANG Juan;ZHANG Huabing;LI Yufeng;LIU Hongyu(Department of Geography,Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng 224007,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils,Yancheng 224007,Jiangsu,P.R.China;College of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院地理系,江苏盐城224007 [2]江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室,江苏盐城224007 [3]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第3期334-340,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：江苏省重点研发项目(BE2018681);江苏高校哲学社会科学项目(2020SJA1888);江苏省盐土生物资源重点实验室开放课题项目(JKLBS2019013)资助。

摘　　要：江苏省盐城市黄海湿地是丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)西线迁徙种群的主要越冬地。由于黄海湿地在不断萎缩,水鸟的食物资源逐渐减少,丹顶鹤越冬种群有集中于江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区的核心区内越冬的趋势。采用增强回归树模型,评估了丹顶鹤越冬生境质量,分析了丹顶鹤越冬生境质量的影响因素,构建了丹顶鹤越冬生境质量管理概念模型,提出了丹顶鹤越冬生境质量管理的对策和建议,以期为有效保护丹顶鹤越冬种群及其越冬栖息地提供科学依据。底栖动物是越冬丹顶鹤的主要食物来源,丹顶鹤越冬生境中底栖动物量的变化本质上是互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵改变了滨海湿地的生态过程,减少了越冬丹顶鹤食物的丰富度和可利用量,因此,在越冬丹顶鹤食物丰富度管理对策方面,提出以恢复水文过程为核心的滨海湿地生态过程恢复。在食物可获取性管理方面,可以通过有效管理人工管理区和自然生境区的芦苇(Phragmites australis)覆盖度和高度,提高越冬丹顶鹤食物的可获取性;同时,在自然生境区,防止自然湿地流失,控制互花米草向陆地扩张速度,恢复碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)生境结构。The Yellow Sea wetlands in Yancheng city, Jiangsu province is the main overwintering habitat for the western migratory population of red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis). The Yellow Sea wetlands is shrinking, and the food resources of waterfowl are gradually decreasing. The overwintering population of redcrowned cranes tends to be concentrated in the core area of Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve · Rare Birds. The boosted regression tree(BRT) model was used to evaluate the quality of wintering habitats of Grus japonensis, and the key factors affecting the quality of the habitats were also analyzed. Then,the concept model of overwintering habitat quality management of red-crowned cranes was built, and the suggestions to overwintering habitat quality of red-crowned cranes were put forward from the perspective of management, in order to provide scientific basis for effective protection of the overwintering population and their habitats. Benthos in coastal wetlands are the main food source for overwintering red-crowned cranes.The reduction of benthic fauna in the overwintering habitat of red-crowned cranes was mainly caused by the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. The invasion of Spartina alterniflora alters the ecological processes of coastal wetlands and reduces the abundance and availability of food for wintering red-crowned cranes.Therefore, this study proposes a coastal wetland ecological process restoration plan centered on the restoration of hydrological processes, aiming to improve the food abundance of wintering red-crowned cranes. In terms of food availability management, we can effectively manage the coverage and height of Phragmites australis in the man-made management area and the natural area, so as to enhance the food availability of red-crowned cranes. Meanwhile, in the natural habitat area, we can control the land expansion speed of Spartina alterniflora and restore the habitat structure of Suaeda salsa.

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 越冬 生境质量 增强回归树模型 概念模型 黄海湿地 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q958.1[生物学—动物学]