江苏东台条子泥湿地水鸟群落的季节变化和生境利用状况  

Seasonal Changes and Habitat Utilization of the Waterbird Community in the Tiaozini Wetland of Dongtai,Jiangsu Province

作　　者：牛一醒 陈巧尔 高帅 王征 NIU Yixing;CHEN Qiaoer;GAO Shuai;WANG Zheng(College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第3期357-365,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目资助。

摘　　要：江苏省东台市条子泥湿地是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上的候鸟停歇地、换羽地和越冬地,对迁徙候鸟具有重要意义。为了研究条子泥湿地水鸟群落的时空变化,于2020年8月和10月、2021年1月和4月,在条子泥湿地,开展了水鸟调查,研究水鸟群落的物种组成和季节变化及其对生境的利用状况。研究结果表明,调查期间,在条子泥湿地,共记录9目15科64种水鸟,其中,有3种水鸟为国家一级重点保护鸟类,有5种水鸟为国家二级重点保护鸟类;累计共有7种水鸟单次调查的数量达到该物种全球数量1%的标准;在不同季节,水鸟群落的物种数量和个体数量波动变化,但是无显著差异;2020年8月,水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数相对最大;光滩、水产养殖塘、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)滩涂中的水鸟类群组成和多样性具有一定差异,但是,3种生境的水鸟群落组成很相似。条子泥湿地是水鸟重要的栖息地,应该更有效地保护条子泥湿地及其水鸟资源。The Tiaozini wetland in Dongtai is a crucial resting,moulting and wintering site for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,which is highly significant for the protection of migratory waterbirds.To analyze the spatiotemporal changes of the waterbird community in the Tiaozini wetland,data on the species composition,seasonal variation and habitat utilization of the waterbirds were collected in August and October 2020,and January and April 2021.The results showed that a total of 64species of waterbirds were recorded,belonging to 9 orders and 15 families.Three species were protected as national first-class animals,and five species were protected as national second-class animals under protection in China.The populations of 7 species of waterbirds recorded in a single survey represent 1%of their global populations.Although the number of waterbird species and individuals in the community fluctuated in different seasons,there were no significant differences.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the waterbird community in August 2020 was relatively higher than those in other seasons.The species composition and diversity of waterbirds differed among the three habitats,including tidal flats,breeding ponds and Spartina alterniflora beach;however,the composition of waterbird communities in the three habitats were similar.The Tiaozini wetland is an important habitat for waterbirds.Therefore,effective measures were recommended for the protection of waterbird resources and habitats in the Tiaozini wetland.

关 键 词：水鸟群落 多样性 季节变化 生境利用 条子泥湿地 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学] Q959.7