益生菌对育肥猪育肥后期生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响  

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids of Finishing Pigs in Later Finishing Period

作　　者：王四新[1] 季海峰[1] 刘辉[1] 张董燕[1] 王晶[1] 陈美霞 王雅民[1] WANG Sixin;JI Haifeng;LIU Hui;ZHANG Dongyan;WANG Jing;CHEN Meixia;WANG Yamin(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第7期4227-4236,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：生猪产业技术体系北京市创新团队建设项目(BAIC02);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210426,KJCX20220422)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨益生菌对育肥猪育肥后期生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便菌群和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的影响。选取平均体重为(92.01±0.91)kg的“长×大”育肥猪100头,随机分为对照组和益生菌组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,益生菌组在基础饲粮中添加益生菌制剂(每千克饲粮含干酪乳杆菌2.0×10^(9)CFU、酿酒酵母2.0×10^(8)CFU)。饲喂期为31 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,益生菌组育肥猪的平均日增重提高了9.42%(P<0.05),料重比降低了6.90%(P>0.05);益生菌组育肥猪的钙和总磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);益生菌组粪便低丰度菌群中普氏菌属、Alloprevotella、考拉杆菌属、粪球菌属、脱硫弧菌属、粪杆菌属、丁酸球菌属和琥珀酸弧菌属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),未标记颤螺菌科、惰性真杆菌群、Anaeroplasma和短优杆菌群的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);益生菌组育肥猪粪便中总短链脂肪酸、丙酸和戊酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),总短链脂肪酸中乙酸比例显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在育肥猪育肥后期(体重90~120 kg阶段)饲粮中添加含干酪乳杆菌和酿酒酵母的益生菌制剂,可提高育肥猪的生长性能和钙、总磷表观消化率,影响粪便中部分低丰度菌群的相对丰度,增加粪便中产短链脂肪酸菌群的相对丰度以及丙酸、戊酸和总短链脂肪酸的含量。This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,fecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids of finishing pigs in later finishing period.A total of 100“Landrace×Yorkshire”crossbred finishing pigs with an average body weight of(92.01±0.91)kg were divided into control group and probiotic group.Each group had 5 replicates with 10 pigs per replicate.Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in the probiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with probiotics(2.0×10^(9)CFU Lactobacillus casei and 2.0×10^(8)CFU Saccharomyces cerevisiae per kg diet).The experimental period was 31 d.The results showed as follows:compared with control group,the average daily gain(ADG)in the probiotic group was increased by 9.42%(P<0.05),and the feed/gain(F/G)was decreased by 6.90%(P>0.05);the apparent digestibility of calcium and total phosphorus in the probiotic group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the relative abundances of low-abundance fecal microbiota such as Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Phascolarctobacterium,Coprococcus,Desulfovibri,Faecalibacterium,Butyricicoccus and Succinivibrio in the probiotic group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative abundances of norank_f_Oscillospiraceae,Eubacterium_siraeum_group,Anaeroplasma and Eubacterium_brachy_group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the contents of total short chain fatty acids,propionic acid and valeric acid in feces in the probiotic group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the proportion of acetic acid in the total short chain fatty acids was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results indicate that adding probiotics(Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)into the diet of finishing pigs in later finishing period(body weight:90 to 120 kg)can improve the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility,affect the relative abundances of low-abundance fecal microbiota,and increase the relative abundances of microbiota producing short chain

关 键 词：益生菌 育肥猪 生长性能 养分表观消化率 粪便菌群 短链脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]