不同类型低蛋白质饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Low Protein Diets on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Immune Organ Indices of Broilers

作　　者：张思轩 赵国先[1] 马可为[2] 冯志华[1] 郝艳霜[1] 陈辉[1] ZHANG Sixuan;ZHAO Guoxian;MA Kewei;FENG Zhihua;HAO Yanshuang;CHEN Hui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]保定职业技术学院,保定071000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第7期4283-4301,共19页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018150203);河北省重点研发计划项目(19227305D);农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项(20326609D);鹿泉区厅区会商专项项目。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究以可消化氨基酸为基础的不同类型低蛋白质饲粮对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响。选用1日龄哈伯德肉鸡648只,随机分为12个组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡;采用3×4双因素试验设计,3个饲粮类型分别为玉米-豆粕型、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型和玉米-豆粕-花生粕型,4个饲粮粗蛋白质水平分别为标准水平以及降低1、2和3个百分点粗蛋白质水平。1~3组分别饲喂标准粗蛋白质水平的玉米-豆粕型、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型和玉米-豆粕-花生粕型饲粮,4~12组在上述3种饲粮类型基础上分别降低1、2和3个百分点粗蛋白质水平;各组均平衡了赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸及缬氨酸含量。试验共42 d,分为3个阶段,分别为1~14日龄、15~35日龄和36~42日龄。结果表明,在平衡饲粮中7种可消化氨基酸的前提下:1)饲粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡各阶段生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫器官指数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡各阶段平均日采食量无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但对15~35日龄和1~42日龄平均日增重和料重比有显著交互作用(P<0.05);其中,与1组相比,11组肉鸡平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与1组相比,4、5、8和9组利润均有所提高,其中5组利润最佳,提高了4.25%。综合分析,在本试验条件下,将玉米-豆粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.5个百分点、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.0个百分点以及玉米-豆粕-花生粕型饲粮粗蛋白质水平降低1.5个百分点时效果较佳。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of low protein diets based on digestible amino acids on growth performance,slaughter performance and immune organ indices of broilers.A total of 648 Hubbard broilers of one-day-old were randomly divided into 12 groups with 6 replicates per group and 9 broilers per replicate.In a 3×4 two-factor experiment design,three diet types were corn-soybean meal type,corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type and corn-soybean meal-peanut meal type,and four crude protein levels in the diets were the standard level and the other crude protein levels reduced by 1,2 and 3 percent points,respectively.Groups 1 to 3 were fed the corn-soybean meal type,corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type and corn-soybean meal-peanut meal type diets with standard crude protein level,respectively,and groups 4 to 12 were fed the above three kinds of diets with lower crude protein levels reduced by 1,2 and 3percent points,respectively.The contents of lysine,methionine,tryptophan,threonine,cysteine,isoleucine and valine were balanced in each group.The experiment lasted for 42 days and was divided into three stages of1 to 14 days of age,15 to 35 days of age and 36 to 42 days of age,respectively.The results showed as follows,under the premise of balancing 7 kinds of digestible amino acids in the diets:1)diet types and crude protein levels had no significant effects on growth performance,slaughter performance and immune organ indices of broilers at all stages(P>0.05).2)Diet types and crude protein levels had no significant interaction on the average daily feed intake of broilers at different stages(P>0.05),but had significant interaction on the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of broilers from 15 to 35 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05).Compared with group 1,the average daily gain of broilers in group 11 was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain of broilers was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with group 1,the profits in groups 4,5

关 键 词：肉鸡 低蛋白质 杂粕 可消化氨基酸 氨基酸平衡模式 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]