陶瓷型芯型壳激光增材制造研究进展  

Research Progress of Ceramic Cores and Shells Prepared by Laser Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：孙冬 陈双 史玉升[1,2] 闫春泽 吴甲民[1,2] 文世峰[1,2] Sun Dong;Chen Shuang;Shi Yusheng;Yan Chunze;Wu Jiamin;Wen Shifeng(State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,School of Materials Scienceand Engineering,Huazhong Unicersity of Scienceand Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]增材制造陶瓷材料教育部工程研究中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第12期128-145,共18页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家两机重大专项(2017-Ⅶ-0008-0102)。

摘　　要：空心涡轮叶片是燃气轮机热端的关键零部件,其结构十分复杂,制造难度极大。陶瓷型芯型壳是用于涡轮叶片铸造的重要部件,随着燃气轮机的热端工作温度逐渐升高,所需要的叶片结构也更加精细,传统的精密铸造工艺已经无法满足叶片快速升级换代的需求。激光增材制造技术无需模具,可以加速新产品的研发,缩短制造周期,满足个性化需求。目前可用于型芯型壳制造的激光增材制造技术主要有激光选区烧结和立体光刻两大类。主要介绍了这两大类激光增材制造技术在陶瓷型芯型壳制备方面的应用,从材料配方、素坯成形、后处理烧结等多个方面综述了当前国内外的最新研究进展,探讨了两类技术各自的优势、目前存在的问题以及未来发展的趋势。Significance Gas turbine is the most promising device for power generation and ship power in this century due to its high efficiency and low emission.The hollow turbine blade with a complex structure is the key part of a gas turbine.The working temperature of the turbine blade is very high,which requires high metal quality and elaborate structures of turbine blades.High gas temperature means high working efficiency.With the further increase of industrial demand,the gas temperature of a turbine reaches more than 1700℃.Therefore,the turbine blades with more delicate and complex hollow structures should be fabricated to improve the cooling efficiency.The ceramic cores and shells are important components for casting of superalloy turbine blades due to their high temperature capabilities and chemical inertness.The traditional methods to fabricate ceramic shells and cores are the investment casting method which is time-consuming,high cost,low yield,and not sufficient for the update-requirement of turbine blades.In order to overcome these problems,additive manufacturing(AM)has been gradually developed.The AM technology has been widely used in different fields such as medicine,engineering,and aerospace to fabricate delicate parts without any molds.It can save materials,accelerate the research of new products,and meet customized needs,thus greatly reducing fabrication costs.In the past few decades,dozens of AM technologies have been developed and each of them has its unique application fields.As for the fabrication of ceramic cores and shells,the most suitable laser-based AM technologies are selective laser sintering(SLS)and stereolithography apparatus(SLA).Progress Different from other AM technologies,the most significant advantage of SLS is that it doesn’t need any support during the fabrication process.Large-scale ceramic parts with precise structures can be fabricated by SLS.The preparation of ceramic cores and shells by the SLS process is shown in Fig.3.First,the green bodies of ceramics are first built by the SL

关 键 词：激光技术 增材制造 空心涡轮叶片 陶瓷型芯型壳 激光选区烧结 立体光刻 

分 类 号：TQ174.6[化学工程—陶瓷工业]