居延海浮游生物群落特征与水质评价  

Community characteristics of plankton and water quality evaluation in Juyan Lake

作　　者：曾亚英 王晓清[2] 杜海波 阿拉腾格日勒 吴芳 肖何威 徐启昂 ZENG Yaying;WANG Xiaoqing;DU Haibo;Alatenggerile;WU Fang;XIAO Hewei;XU Qi′ang(Alagxa League Center for Quality and Safety of Agricultural and Livestock Products,Bayanhot 750306,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Alagxa League Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau of Tenggeli Economic and Technological Development Zone,Jargal Khalkhan 730712,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古阿拉善盟农畜产品质量安全中心,内蒙古巴彦浩特750306 [2]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]内蒙古阿拉善盟腾格里经济技术开发区综合行政执法局,内蒙古嘉尔嘎勒赛罕730712

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2022年第3期95-103,共9页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：阿拉善盟科技局项目(AMYY2020-18)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析居延海浮游生物的种类、密度、生物量及多样性等群落特征,结合优势浮游生物与水质理化指标对居延海水质进行评价。【方法】按照《内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册》中水质调查方法和《淡水浮游生物调查技术规范》(SC/T 9402—2010)中浮游生物调查方法,于2020年11月—2021年9月对居延海13项水质理化指标和浮游生物资源状况进行采样分析。【结果】调查期间,居延海水体透明度为0.45~1.08 m,总氮为0.97~2.48 mg/L,总磷、总氮营养状态指数分别为33.79~35.09、54.01~69.92。共检出浮游植物6门63种,优势种16种,密度为23.65万~39.26万个/L,生物量为0.30~1.04 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.53~2.88,丰富度指数为2.64~3.08;共检出浮游动物2门22种,优势种17种,密度为35.98~131.95个/L,生物量为0.27~1.12 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.80~3.23,丰富度指数为2.35~2.93。检出α-多污带指示生物2种,β-多污带指示生物2种,α-中污带指示生物9种,β-中污带指示生物8种,寡污带指示生物2种。【结论】居延海理化指标显示水体呈富营养状态,主要表现为氮超标严重;浮游生物生物量显示居延海水体呈贫营养状态;浮游植物密度显示水体呈贫-中营养状态;浮游生物优势种、污染指示种、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显示居延海水体呈中营养或中富营养状态。综合分析,居延海水质属中营养状态。【Objective】Analyze the species,density,biomass,diversity and other community characteristics of plankton in combination with the assess of dominant plankton and water quality physical and chemical indicators to evaluate the water quality of Juyan Lake.【Methods】From November 2020 to September 2021,13 physical and chemical indicators of water quality as well as plankton resources in the Juyan Lake were sampled and analyzed in accordance with Handbook of Fishery Natural Resources Investigation in Inland Waters and Technical Specification for Freshwater Plankton Investigation(SC/T 9402—2010).【Results】In the survey duration,the transparency of Juyan Lake water body was 0.45-1.08 m,the total nitrogen was 0.97-2.48 mg/L,and the total phosphorus and nitrogen nutritional status indices were 33.79-35.09 and 54.01-69.92 respectively.6 phyla and 63 species of phytoplankton were identified,including 16 dominant species with densities of 236500 to 392600 per liter,biomass of 0.30 to 1.04 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.53 to 2.88 and the richness indices of 2.64 to 3.08.2 phyla and 22 species of zooplankton were identified,including 17 dominant species,with densities of 35.98 to 131.95 per liter,biomass of 0.27 to 1.12 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.80 to 3.23,and the richness indices of 2.35 to 2.93.Two species ofα-polysaprobic zone indicator organisms and two species ofβ-polysaprobic zone indicator organisms,nine species ofα-mesosaprobic zone indicator organisms and eight species ofβ-mesosaprobic zone indicator organisms and two species of oligosaprobic zone indicator organisms were detected.【Conclusion】The physical and chemical indicators of Juyan Lake revealed that the water body was in eutrophic state,mainly manifested as nitrogen levels far over the standard.Plankton biomass showed that Juyan Lake′s water was in oligotrophic state.The density of phytoplankton indicated that the aquatic body was in oligotrophic to mesotrophic state.Dominating plankton species,pollution indicator

关 键 词：居延海 浮游生物 群落特征 水质评价 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]