蕾期低温胁迫对棉花光合特性的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature Stress in Bud Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton

作　　者：钟信念 梁其干 李有忠 赵建华[1] 马海霞 李志博 ZHONG Xinnian;LIANG Qigan;LI Youzhong;ZHAO Jianhua;MA Haixia;LI Zhibo(Key laboratory for Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Hainan Sanya Crop Breeding Test Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya Hainan 572014,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Gene Resource Utilization of XPCC,Biotechnology Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室 [2]新疆农业科学院/海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚572014 [3]新疆农垦科学院生物技术研究所/作物种质创新与基因资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子8320032

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第7期1573-1581,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：八师石河子市中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2020RC06);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2021A09);石河子大学动植物培育专项(YZZX201602);新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室开放课题(201902)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析蕾期不同低温胁迫对不同棉花品种的光合特性的影响,研究响应规律,筛选蕾期棉花耐冷性相关的光合指标,为耐冷资源鉴定、耐冷棉花品种选育提供依据和技术指导。【方法】材料蕾期设3个低温梯度:T_(1)(20/15℃,昼/夜)、T_(2)(15/10℃)、T_(3)(10/5℃)和对CK(28/20℃)处理。【结果】蕾期棉花在各低温胁迫条件下净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(LS)明显下降,细胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)随着胁迫强度的提升及胁迫时间的延长总体先降后升;水分利用率(WUE)先升后降。【结论】可根据蕾期棉花的气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、细胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、水分利用率(WUE)来判断其受到的低温胁迫程度。T_(1)胁迫下蕾期棉花光合速率降低是由气孔限制因素导致;T_(2)胁迫下蕾期棉花光合速率降低的主要原因先为气孔因素后转为非气孔因素;T_(3)胁迫下非气孔因素是限制蕾期棉花光合作用的主要因素。低温胁迫对蕾期叶片的光合作用有抑制的作用。胁迫强度越大,对蕾期棉花生长的抑制作用越明显,低温处理的时间持续越长,对蕾期棉花生长的抑制作用越明显。【Objective】To explore the response law and screen the photosynthetic indexes related to cold tolerance of cotton by analyzing the effects of different low temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics of different cotton varieties in bud stage so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for identification of cold tolerant resources and breeding of cold tolerant cotton varieties.【Methods】Three low temperature gradients T_(1)(20/15℃,day/night),T_(2)(15/10℃),T_(3)(10/5℃)and CK(28/20℃)were applied in the bud stage.【Result】Net photosynthetic rate(PN),stomatal conductance(GS),transpiration rate(TR)and stomatal limit value(LS)of cotton in bud stage decreased significantly under low temperature stress,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(CI)decreased first and then increased,and water use efficiency(WUE)increased first and then decreased.【Conclusion】The degree of low temperature stress can be judged according to the stomatal conductance(GS),transpiration rate(TR),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(CI)and water use efficiency(WUE).Under T_(1) stress,the decrease of photosynthetic rate of cotton in bud stage is caused by stomatal limiting factors;under T_(2) stress,the decrease of photosynthetic rate of cotton in bud stage is mainly caused by stomatal factors first and then by non stomatal factors;under T_(3) stress,non stomatal factors are the main factors limiting photosynthesis of cotton in bud stage.Low temperature stress inhibits photosynthesis of leaves in bud stage.The higher the stress intensity,the more obvious the inhibition on cotton growth in bud stage and the longer the duration of low temperature treatment,the more obvious the inhibition on cotton growth at bud stage.

关 键 词：棉花 低温胁迫 蕾期 光合作用 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]