水氮耦合对滴灌小麦生理生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Physiological Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：刘国宏[1] 付彦博[1,2,3] 扁青永 魏亚媛 魏彦宏 张万旭 朱锦泉 LIU Guohong;FU Yanbo;BIAN Qingyong;WEI Yayuan;WEI Yanhong;ZHANG Wanxu;ZHU Jinquan(Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Turpan,838000,China;Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station,Xinjiang Aksu 843000,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830091,China;Agricultural Extension Technology Station of Xinjiang Corps,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000 [2]新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站/国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站,新疆阿克苏843000 [3]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆兵团农业推广技术总站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第7期1582-1589,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：土壤质量阿克苏野外观测站资源共享平台建设;国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站建设项目;自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项-资源共享平台建(PT2110);优秀青年科技人才培养项目“南疆冬小麦滴灌水肥一体化技术研究与示范”(2020Q030)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆南疆地区水肥耦合对滴灌冬小麦生理生长及产量的影响。【方法】以新冬52号为供试材料,两因素裂区试验设计,设置灌水处理3个水平:W_(1)(2241m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(2)(3486m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(3)(4731m^(3)/hm^(2));设置施肥处理(氮素)4个水平:N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(1)(135 kg/hm^(2))、N_(2)(195 kg/hm^(2))、N_(3)(255 kg/hm^(2)),分析不同水氮组合对滴灌冬小麦株高、叶面积、光合特性净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、产量及水氮利用效率的变化。【结果】(1)随着灌水量的增加或施N_(量)的增加,新冬52号冬小麦的株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量呈现同步增加趋势;(2)但灌水量过少时(W_(1)处理),增加N_(肥)并不明显提高产量和光合性能;当灌水量提高到W_(2)和W_(3)水平后,株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量随着施N_(量)的增加呈现明显的增加趋势,表现出以水带肥的良好效果。(3)在各处理中,W_(3)N_(2)(灌水4731m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮N_(1)95kg/hm^(2))的产量最大(8570 kg/hm^(2)),相对应的各项光合特性值也达到最大值;(4)W_(2)N_(2)处理(灌水3486m^(3)/hm^(2)、施N_(1)95kg/hm^(2))的产量则处于次大值(8465 kg/hm^(2)),W_(2)N_(2)的光合特性值并非最大,但其N_(肥)农学利用率达到最大值(16.69 kg/kg),灌溉水生产效率也达到最大值(1.66 kg/m^(3));(5)W_(2)N_(2)与W_(3)N_(2)相比,虽然产量减少了105 kg/hm^(2)(减少1.2%),但灌水量减少了1245 m^(3)/h 2(减少26.3%)、施肥量减少60 kg/hm^(2)(减少23.53%)。【结论】灌水3486 m^(3)/hm^(2)和氮肥195kg/hm^(2)的技术组合可作为新冬52号冬小麦的节本增效生产方案。【Objective】To study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】Xindong 52 was used as the test material,and the two-factor split zone experiment was designed.Three levels of irrigation treatment were set:W_(1)(2,241 m^(3)/hm^(2)),W_(2)(3,486 m^(3)/hm^(2))and W_(3)(4,731 m^(3)/hm^(2)).Four levels of fertilization treatment(nitrogen)were set:N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),N_(1)(135 kg/hm^(2)),N_(2)(195 kg/hm^(2)),N_(3)(255 kg/hm^(2)).The effects of different combinations of water and nitrogen on plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics(Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci),yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation were analyzed.【Result】(1)With the increase of irrigation amount or N amount,the plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Xindong 52 winter wheat increased synchronously.(2)When the irrigation amount was too low(W_(1) treatment),increasing N fertilizer did not significantly improve the yield and photosynthetic performance;When the irrigation amount was increased to W_(2) and W_(3) levels,plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics and yield showed an obvious trend of increase with the increase of N application rate,which showed a good effect of waterborne fertilizer.(3)Among all treatments,W_(3)N_(2)(4,731 m^(3)/hm^(2) irrigation,N_(1)95 kg/hm^(2) application)had the highest yield(8,570 kg/hm^(2)),and the corresponding photosynthetic characteristic values also reached the maximum;(4)The yield of W_(2)N_(2) treatment(3,486 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 195 kg/hm^(2))was at the sub-maximum value(8,465 kg/hm^(2)).The photosynthetic characteristic value of W_(2)N_(2) was not the maximum,but the agricultural utilization rate of N fertilizer reached the maximum(16.69 kg/kg),and the production efficiency of irrigation water also reached the maximum(1.66 kg/m^(3)).(5)Compared with W_(3)N_(2),the yield of W_(2)N_(2) decreased by 105kg/hm^(2)(decreased by 1.2%),but

关 键 词：水肥耦合 滴灌冬小麦 生理生长 产量 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512[农业科学—农业工程]