腐植酸水溶肥对花生生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Humic Acid Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Peanut Growth and Yield

作　　者：侯献飞 苗昊翠[1] 李强[1] 顾元国[1] 贾东海[1] 石必显[1] 林萍[2] HOU Xianfei;MIAO Haocui;LI Qiang;GU Yuanguo;JIA Donghai;SHI Bixian;LIN Ping(Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第7期1598-1605,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年科技人才培养项目“新疆绿洲生态区中早熟花生选育及高产栽培技术研究”(2019Q009);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同配比腐植酸水溶肥对新疆花生生长发育的影响。【方法】通过3年长期定位试验,利用主成分分析对不同处理下花生生长发育及产量。【结果】不同水肥处理下,其中S_(3)全生育期最长,为136 d,较对照长11 d,S_(1)处理下的花针期较对照提前3 d,增长结荚期,与对照生育期相差较小,在干物质增长速率方面,不同处理下对花生的叶片、茎秆、荚果、根系干物质增长速率、根冠比差异较明显,其变化趋势均呈“单峰”形式,S_(1)处理下干物质积累速率相当较高,在产量方面处理S_(1)的单株产量(鲜重)、折合667 m^(2)最高,分别是140.33 g、386.69 kg,分别较对照增产21.84%、3.5%,处理S_(1)综合得分最高,处理S_(1)的腐植酸水溶肥N-P-K配比更适合花生的生长。【结论】N-P-K比例为10-40-10水润土腐植酸水溶肥处理(S_(1))可以促进花生花针期提前,延长结荚期,高P含量促进了茎秆、荚果的干物质增长速率,提高了花生单株产量,较传统的三元复合肥增产117.86%,且S_(1)处理下花生综合性状优于其他处理。【Objective】To study the effects of different proportions of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer on the growth and development of Xinjiang peanuts.【Methods】Through a three-year long-term location experiment,the main component analysis was used to comprehensively analyze the growth and yield of peanuts under different treatments.【Results】Under different water and fertilizer treatments,S_(3) had the longest growth period of 136 days,which was 11 days longer than the control.The flowering needle period under the S_(1) treatment was 3 days earlier than the control,and the pod setting period was increased,which was slightly different from the control growth period.In terms of speed,the dry matter growth rate and root-to-shoot ratio of peanut leaves,stems,pods,and roots under different treatments were significantly different,and their changing trends were in the form of"single peak".The dry matter accumulation rate under S_(1) treatment was quite high.In terms of yield,the yield per plant(fresh weight)and yield per 667 m^(2) of treatment S_(1) were the highest,which were 140.33 g and 386.69 kg,respectively,which increased by 21.84%and 3.5%compared with the control.Principal component analysis found that treatment S_(1) was in a 2-year trial among them,the overall score was the highest,indicating that the N-P-K ratio of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer treated with S_(1) was more suitable for peanut growth.【Conclusion】The N-P-K ratio of 10-40-10 humic acid water-soluble fertilizer treatment(S_(1))can advance the peanut flower needle period and prolong the pod setting period.The high P content promotes the dry matter growth rate of stalks and pods,and improves the yield of peanut per plant,whose yield is 117.86%higher than that of the traditional ternary compound fertilizer,and the comprehensive characteristics of peanut under S_(1) treatment are better than those of other treatments,which can be used as a special water-soluble fertilizer for peanuts in Xinjiang for further demonstration experiments.

关 键 词：花生 水肥一体化 腐植酸水溶肥 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]