基于GIS的塔额盆地农田土壤养分空间变异特征分析  

Spatial Variability of Farmland Soil Nutrients in Ta'er Basin Based on GIS

作　　者：信会男 赖宁[1] 耿庆龙[1] 陈署晃[1] 李娜 李永福 赵海燕 XIN Huinan;LAI Ning;GENG Qinglong;CHEN Shuhuang;LI Na;LI Yongfu;ZHAO Haiyan(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Jiushenghe Academy of Seed Standard Co.Ltd.Changji,Xinjiang 831113,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆九圣禾种子标准研究院有限公司,新疆昌吉831113

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第7期1776-1785,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金“新疆遥感与农业大数据应用服务平台”;农业部耕地质量保护专项资金“国家耕地质量监测”和“轮作休耕试点区域耕地质量监测”;国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200406)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆塔额盆地耕地土壤养分的空间分布以及变化。【方法】基于该地区2010年和2018年2个时期的样点养分数据(有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾),利用统计学、地统计手段,与GIS技术相结合,分析耕层土壤的时空变异性。【结果】2010~2018年期间耕层土壤指标都处于中等强度变异,其中变异系数最高的为2018年的有效磷为85.79%。2018年各项指标的标准化Z值均低于2010年,近年来以下指标的空间自相关呈现减弱趋势。养分指标含量整体呈现四周低中间高。在不同土壤类型下潮土的养分含量增加最少,其余2种土类下都存在较大幅度的增加。在不同灌溉方式下,滴灌和漫灌的灌溉方式养分含量都有所增加,但出现漫灌方式养分含量增加较滴灌下增长较低的现象。【结论】2010-2018年5种养分指标都呈中等程度变异,人为活动对土壤养分含量的影响较大;各养分含量都有所上升,有效磷与速效钾上升最为明显;不同土类养分含量均为增加趋势;滴灌和漫灌下养分含量有所增长,但畦灌条件下养分有所下降;耕地质量处于中等偏下。【Objective】To grasp the spatial distribution and changes of cultivated soil nutrients in Tahe Basin.【Methods】Based on the sample point nutrient data(organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolized nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium)in 2010 and 2018 in this region,statistical and geostatistical methods were used to combine with GIS technology to explore the spatiotemporal variability of ploughed soil.【Results】From^(2)010 to 2018,the indicators of topsoil were in moderate intensity variation,among which the highest coefficient of variation was 85.79%of available phosphorus in 2018.According to the standardized Z value,the standardized Z value of all indicators in 2018 was lower than that in 2010,indicating that the spatial autocorrelation of the following indicators weakened in recent years.The nutrient index content was low in all four weeks and high in the middle.Under different soil types,the nutrient content of tidal soil increased the least,while under the other two types of soil there was a significant increase.Under different irrigation methods,the nutrient content of both drip and diffuse irrigation increased,but the increase of nutrient content under diffuse irrigation was lower than that under drip irrigation.【Conclusion】Human activities,such as straw mulching,fertilization and rotation rest,are the main factors affecting the spatiotemporal changes of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：GIS 空间变异 半方差函数 灌溉方式 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]