不同烤烟品种干物质积累及养分吸收特征  

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Absorption of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

作　　者：王晓强 许跃奇 何晓冰 阎海涛 常栋[1] 张凯 毛娟 WANG Xiaoqiang;XU Yueqi;HE Xiaobing;YAN Haitao;CHANG Dong;ZHANG Kai;MAO Juan(Pingdingshan Branch Company,Henan Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan,Henan 467000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第8期8-14,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技项目“基于烤烟品种中烟100根茎类病害的抗性改良和应用”(2020410000270015);河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目“平顶山烟区浓香型烟叶‘采烤分’一体化模式构建研究与应用”[平烟(2020)55]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同烤烟品种的干物质积累及养分吸收特征,筛选适宜豫中烟区种植的优质烤烟品种,为品种区域化布局提供理论依据。【方法】以川烟1号、鲁烟1号、豫烟13号和中烟100为材料,利用Logistic模型分析不同烤烟品种干物质积累和氮、磷、钾吸收特征。【结果】不同烤烟品种的干物质及养分吸收规律存在差异。豫烟13号、中烟100和鲁烟1号的干物质积累最大速率出现时间均早于川烟1号,干物质快速增长期持续时间均短于川烟1号。整个生育期干物质积累量以豫烟13号最高,川烟1号次之,鲁烟1号最低。整个生育期烤烟对养分的积累量依次为氮>钾>磷。成熟期除氮素积累量最低外,磷、钾素积累量均以豫烟13号最高,分别为1.04 g/m^(2)和7.74 g/m^(2)。豫烟13号、鲁烟1号和川烟1号的氮、磷、钾最大积累速率出现时间早于干物质,中烟100的氮、磷、钾最大积累速率出现时间稍晚于干物质。【结论】养分吸收是烟株干物质积累的前提;豫烟13号和中烟100对干物质及养分的吸收积累能力强,川烟1号长势及对养分的吸收较弱,在生产中可对不同烤烟品种进行差异化施肥。【Objective】The suitable high quality flue-cured tobacco varieties are selected for cultivation in Central Henan flue-cured tobacco growing areas by exploring dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of different flue-cured tobacco varieties,so as to provide the theoretical basis for regional distribution of flue-cured tobacco varieties.【Method】The dry matter accumulation and N,P and K absorption characteristics of 4 flue-cured tobacco varieties(Chuanyan 1,Luyan 1,Yuyan 13 and Zhongyan 100)are analysed by the Logistic model.【Result】There are differences in dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption among four flue-cured tobacco varieties.The occurrence time of the maximum dry matter accumulation of Yuyan 13,Zhongyan 100 and Luyan 1 is earlier than Chuanyan 1 but the rapid growth duration of dry matter accumulation shorter than Chuangyan 1.The dry matter accumulation of Yuyan 13 during whole growth period is the highest,followed by Chuanyan 1,Zhongyan 100 and Luyan 1.The nutrient absorption of flue-cured tobacco varieties is N>K>P during whole growth period.The P and K accumulation of Yuyan 13 is up to 1.04 g/m^(2) and 7.74 g/m^(2) at maturity stage respectively but its N accumulation is the lowest at maturity stage.The occurrence time of maximum N,P and K accumulation rate of Yuyan 13,Luyan 1 and Chuanyan 1 is earlier than dry matter accumulation.The occurrence time of maximum N,P and K accumulation rate of Zhongyan 100 is slightly later than dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】Nutrient absorption is the premise for dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco.Yuyan 13 and Zhongyan 100 both have the higher accumulation and absorption capacity of dry matter and nutrients but Chuanyan 1 has the poor nutrient absorption capacity.The differentiation fertilization should be used in flue-cured tobacco production according to dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco varieties.

关 键 词：烤烟 品种 干物质积累 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]