榆林风沙草滩地不同品种紫花苜蓿的根系形态特征  

Root Morphological Characteristics of Different Alfalfa Varieties in Sandy Grass Bottomland of Yulin

作　　者：葛志超 徐伟洲[1] 武治兴 刘阳 史雷[1] 乔雨 耿金才 GE Zhichao;XU Weizhou;WU Zhixing;LIU Yang;SHI Lei;QIAO Yu;GENG Jincai(School of Life Science,Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000;Yulin Service Center for Economic Development,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000;Shaanxi General Station of Husbandry Technology Extension,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710014,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]榆林市经济发展服务中心,陕西榆林719000 [3]陕西省畜牧技术推广总站,陕西西安710014

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第8期54-63,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划一般项目“陕北采煤沉陷区草地植物群落衰退机理与恢复技术研究”(2019SF-267)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明榆林北部风沙草滩地环境下敖汉苜蓿、甘农3号和甘农4号等20个品种紫花苜蓿根系的变化特征,以期为其合理选用及品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】采用大田试验方法,研究20个紫花苜蓿的根系总表面积、根直径、总根长、根系总体积及根系总生物量等指标差异,并采用隶属函数分析其根系结构的综合表现。【结果】不同品种的根颈直径、根颈分枝数、根芽数和侧根数分别为3.68~11.63 mm、2.00~5.00条、4.00~12.00条和3.67~25.33条,分别为DS310FY、DS310FY、大银河和皇后最大或最多,MF4020、三得利等、WL354HQ和中苜2号最小/最少;总生物量为7.22~55.23 g/m^(2),DS310FY最大,甘农3号最小,其中,MF4020、康赛、擎天柱、甘农3号、WL343HQ、WL354HQ、三得利、中苜1号、中苜2号、皇后和陕北苜蓿11个品种在30~40 cm土层无根系分布;根系总体积为2.33~22.67 cm^(3),敖汉苜蓿最大,MF4020最小;各土层根系平均直径为0.56~8.01 mm,皇后最大,阿迪娜最小;不同品种总根长为403.4~2978.8 cm,DS310FY最长,中苜2号最短;根系总表面积为127.8~725.0 cm^(2),DS310FY最大,MF4020最小;20个紫花苜蓿种质资源根系综合表现居前3位的品种为DS310FY、甘农4号和皇后。【结论】DS310FY总根长、根系表面积、根颈直径、根颈分枝数最大/最多,其根系在0~30 cm土层中的根系结构最好,甘农4号在0~30 cm土层中的根系结构仅次于DS310FY,但其在30~40 cm土层中根颈直径、总根长和根系表面积最大/最长,2个品种均可应用于榆林北部风沙草滩地种植。【Objective】The variation characteristics of root system of 20 alfalfa varieties under the condition of sandy grass bottomland in Northern Yulin is discussed to provide a reference for its rational selection and variety breeding.【Method】The differences in total roots surface area,root diameter,total root length,total roots volume and total roots biomass of 20 alfalfa varieties are studied by a field test and the comprehensive performance of the roots structure is analysed by using the membership function method.【Result】The root neck diameter,root neck branches,root bud number and lateral root number of different alfalfa varieties are 3.68~11.63 mm,2.00~5.00,4.00~12.00 and 3.67~25.33 respectively.The root neck diameter,root neck branches,root bud number and lateral root number of DS310FY,DS310FY,Dayinhe and Queen reach the maximum and the root neck diameter,root neck branches,root bud number and lateral root number of MF4020,Sandeli(et al),WL354HQ and Zhongmu 2 are the minimum.Total roots biomass of 20 alfalfa varieties is 7.22~55.23 g/m^(2).Total roots biomass of DS310FY and Gannong 3 is the maximum and minimum separately.The root system of MF4020,Kangsai,Qingtianzhu,Gannong 3,WL343HQ,WL354HQ,Sandel,Zhongmu 1,Zhongmu 2,Queen and Shaanxi alfalfa are not distributed in the soil layer with 30~40 cm depth.Total roots volume of 20 alfalfa varieties is 2.33~22.67 cm^(3).Total roots volume of Aohan and MF4020 is the maximum and minimum respectively.The average roots diameter of 20 alfalfa varieties at different soil layers is 0.56~8.01 mm.The average roots diameter of Queen and Adina is the maximum and minimum respectively.Total root length of 20 alfalfa varieties is 403.4~2978.8 cm.Total root length of DS310FY and Zhongmu 2 is the maximum and minimum separately.Total roots surface area of 20 alfalfa varieties is 127.8~725.0 cm^(2).Total roots surface area of DS310FY and MF4020 is the maximum and minimum respectively.The first three alfalfa varieties with good roots comprehensive performance are DS310FY,Ganno

关 键 词：苜蓿根系 根系形态特征 根系生物量 

分 类 号：S541.102.2[农业科学—作物学]