2000—2021年上海市宝山区急性职业中毒特征分析  

Characteristics of acute occupational poisoning in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2000 to 2021

作　　者：盛华青 王迪 周帅 翁玮[1] 刘向阳 秦景香[1] SHENG Huaqing;WANG Di;ZHOU Shuai;WENG Wei;LIU Xiangyang;QIN Jingxiang(Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,shanghai 201901,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2022年第3期327-330,352,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的了解上海市宝山区急性职业中毒事故发生情况及特征。方法收集整理2000—2021年上海市宝山区急性职业中毒事件资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行特征。结果宝山区2000—2021年共发生急性职业中毒事件63起,急性职业中毒病例171例,死亡36例(病死率21.05%),事件发生的起数总体呈下降趋势。事件涉及14种行业,7类26种化学物质,其中发病前三位的行业分别为化学原料和化学制品制造业(11起,占17.46%),金属制品、机械和设备修理业(10起,占15.87%),装卸搬运和仓储业(7起,占11.11%);导致急性中毒死亡人数居前三的化学物质依次为氨(18例,占50.00%)、硫化氢(6例,占16.67%)、一氧化碳(3例,占8.33%)。未正确使用个人防护用品和未配备有效的个人防护设备为引起中毒事件的主要原因。有限空间作业中毒病例病死率(36.96%),明显高于非有限空间作业(15.20%)(P<0.05)。结论近年来宝山区急性职业中毒情况有所好转,但仍存在中毒风险,一氧化碳和硫化氢为该区预防急性职业中毒的重点。相关部门应继续做好急性职业中毒预防工作,应重点监管用人单位个人防护设备的配备和佩戴情况,重视有限空间的职业中毒风险,切实保护劳动者的生命健康和安全。Objective To understand the occurrence and characteristics of acute occupational poisoning accidents in Baoshan District,Shanghai.Methods The data of acute occupational poisoning in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2000 to 2021were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results From 2000 to 2021,63 events of acute occupational poisoning accidents were reported in Baoshan District,including 171 poisoning cases and 36 deaths(case fatality rate 21.05%).In general,the incidence of the accidents showed a downward trend.Involved 14 industries,these accidents caused by 26 chemicals in 7 categories,of which ammonia(18 cases,50.00%),hydrogen sulfide(6 cases,16.67%)and carbon monoxide(3 cases,8.33%)were top three chemicals.And most cases were distributed in the industries of chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing(11 cases,17.46%),metal products,machinery and equipment repair(10 cases,15.87%),handling and warehousing logistics(7 cases,11.11%).Improper use of personal protective equipment and failure to equip with effective personal protective equipment were the main causes of these accidents.The fatality rate(36.96%)of acute occupational poisoning occurred in confined space was higher than that in other places(15.20%)(P<0.05).Conclusions In recent years,the incidence of acute occupational poisoning in Baoshan District has generally shown a downward trend,but the poisoning risk still exists,among which the risk of poisoning caused by carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide is very high.We should continue to do well in the prevention of acute occupational poisoning and the supervision of allocation and wearing of personal protective equipment of workers,especially in confined space,to effectively protect the life,health and safety of workers.

关 键 词：急性职业中毒 有限空间 化学毒物 个人防护 特征 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]