海洋剖面激光雷达探测中颗粒物偏振散射问题  

Polarized Light Scattering of Particulate Matter in Detection of Oceanographic Profiling LiDAR

作　　者：唐军武 朱培志 刘秉义 张洪玮[3] 胡连波 陶邦一[4] 廖然 孟凡谦 何惠馨 陈树果 吴松华 马辉 Tang Junwu;Zhu Peizhi;Liu Bingyi;Zhang Hongwei;Hu Lianbo;Tao Bangyi;Liao Ran;Meng Fanqian;He Huixin;Chen Shuguo;Wu Songhua;Ma Hui(Engineering Department of Guanlan Satellite for Ocean Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;Faculty of Information Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室“观澜号”海洋科学卫星工程部,山东青岛266237 [2]中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学部,山东青岛266100 [3]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光信息传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800 [4]自然资源部第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [5]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《光学学报》2022年第12期1-20,共20页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1408000);山东省重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0102)。

摘　　要：垂向层化是海洋水体的基本特征之一,几乎所有海洋学科的测量与分析都需要直接或间接的剖面信息。激光雷达是目前唯一可以遥感方式获得百米级海洋剖面信息的手段,激光雷达水体回波信号主要受水分子与水体颗粒物吸收、散射作用的共同影响。从激光雷达的后向180°散射信号中反演水体颗粒物成分时,活体浮游植物及其降解物、无机颗粒(悬浮泥沙)、浮游动物、气泡等颗粒物在粒径、组分、形状、内部结构等方面的复杂性决定了水体光学特性的复杂性。180°处的体散射系数β(π)是激光雷达水体探测的基本参数,然而不同浮游植物颗粒的散射相函数在180°处相差10倍。目前的模拟仿真中采用的仅具有普适意义的Petzold体散射函数或Voss&Fry穆勒矩阵偏振参数,与具体的遥感探测水体的体散射函数或穆勒参数有很大的差别。针对这个激光雷达中最重要的基础性问题之一,也是主被动光学海洋观探测中的基本问题,进行了综述,并参考国际相关研究人员近些年的一些研究成果,试图提出后续应当重点解决的理论与技术问题。Vertical stratification is one of the basic features of oceans,and almost all marine disciplines require direct or indirect profile information for measurement and analysis.LiDAR is the only remote sensing technology that can be used to obtain the profile information of oceans at a depth of over 100 m,and the echo signals of LiDAR are mainly affected by the joint absorption and scattering effect of water molecules and particulate matter in oceans.When the backscattered signals of LiDAR at 180°are used for the inversion of the components of the particulate matter in oceans,the complexity of water optical properties is determined by the complexity of particulate matter in aspects such as grain size,components,shapes,and internal structure.The particulate matter includes living phytoplankton and their degradation products,inorganic particles(suspended sediment),zooplankton,and air bubbles.The volume scattering coefficientβ(π)at 180°is the basic parameter for the water body detection of LiDAR,and the scattering phase functions of different phytoplankton particles differ by a factor of 10 at 180°.In LiDAR simulations and calculations,researchers use the general-purposed volume scattering functions measured by Petzold and the polarization parameter of the Mueller matrix measured by Voss&Fry,which may cause significant divergence compared with specific in-situ results.Given this basic and paramount problem in LiDAR and also in active and passive optical ocean observing and detection,this paper gives a review in this regard.Moreover,the major theoretical and technological problems to be solved are put forward by referring to the relevant research results in recent years.

关 键 词：海洋光学 海洋剖面激光雷达 水体光学特性 水体偏振光散射 水体颗粒物光学特性 

分 类 号：P733.3[天文地球—物理海洋学]