华北地区一次长生命史超级单体雹暴特征观测  

Characteristics of a Long-Life Supercell Hailstorm in North China

作　　者：刘瑾 王丛梅 胡志群[3] 李芷霞 刘笑 李国翠[4] 杨洋 LIU Jin;WANG Congmei;HU Zhiqun;LI Zhixia;LIU Xiao;LI Guocui;YANG Yang(Xingtai Weather Office of Hebei Province,Xingtai 054000;Xingtai Atmospheric Environment Field Scientific Test Base of CMA,Xingtai 054000;State Key Lab of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Shijiazhuang Weather Office of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050081;Weather Modification Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021)

机构地区：[1]河北省邢台市气象局,邢台054000 [2]中国气象局邢台大气环境野外科学试验基地,邢台054000 [3]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [4]河北省石家庄市气象局,石家庄050085 [5]河北省人工影响天气中心,石家庄050021

出　　处：《气象科技》2022年第3期390-402,共13页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(D2020108049);河北省气象局预报员专项(19ky37)共同资助。

摘　　要：对2020年6月25日河北南部从保定涞源到沧州东光的超级单体雹暴环境条件、雷达观测及风场反演特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)本次超级单体雹暴是在水平对流卷上触发起来并经过不断加强形成的。(2)超级单体雹暴长时间处于中等到强的基本顺时针旋转环境风的垂直风切变环境中、中气旋维持时间超过3 h以及较强冷池作用,是本次超级单体雹暴维持长生命史的可能原因。(3)对流单体VIL持续7 h基本维持在55~80 kg·m^(2)区间,与单体移动路径上降雹时段一致,超过4 h持续出现三体散射长钉或旁瓣回波特征,与本次过程中灾情调查和气象站观测到的大冰雹时间段基本一致,对大冰雹有较好指示意义。(4)超级单体雹暴出现钩状回波(低层)、回波悬垂“穹隆”结构、风暴顶辐散、ZDR柱和KDP柱等特征。“穹隆”顶部为65 dBz以上反射率因子,该处风场以垂直上升为主,水平风分量较弱,呈现出“穴道-零域”结构,利于大冰雹增长。超级单体垂直速度随高度增大,利于中气旋形成和维持。The characteristics of a supercell hailstorm event,which occurred in the south of Hebei from Laiyuan to Dongguang on June 25,2020,are analyzed according to the environmental conditions and the wind field retrieval from dual Doppler radar.The results suggest that:(1)This supercell hailstorm was triggered and continuously strengthened in a horizontal convective roll.(2)The possible reasons for the long-life event include that the supercell was in the environment of vertical wind shear,which caused by the medium to strong basic clockwise rotating background wind;the maintenance time of mesocyclone was more than three hours;and there was a strong cold pool.(3)The VIL values of supercells from 55 to 80 kg mlasted for seven hours,which was consistent with the hail path during the period.The three-body scattering spike or sidelobe echo characteristics appeared for more than four hours,which was consistent with the time of large hail confirmed by the meteorological observation and the disaster investigation in the events and had obvious indicative significance for large hail.(4)There were supercell characteristics such as the hook echo at the low levels,echo suspension,dome structure,divergence in the top of the storm,the column of ZDR and KDP,and so on.The reflectivity over the dome was more than 65 dBz.The wind field was mainly vertical upward but weak horizontal component,which formed a structure of cave-channel and zero-region and was conductive to the growth of large hails.The vertical velocity of the supercell increased with height,which was beneficial to the formation and maintenance of mesocyclone.

关 键 词：超级单体 冰雹 垂直风切变 零域 风场反演 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]