干扰全球卫星导航系统行为的国际法适用问题探析  

An Analysis of the Application of International Law to the Interference with GNSS

作　　者：王国语[1] Wang Guoyu

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2022年第2期37-47,共11页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2014年北京市社会科学基金一般项目“外空安全国际法治与外交战略研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:14FXB008;2016年国家社会科学基金一般项目“外空安全国际规则新发展及中国话语权实现研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:16BFX187。

摘　　要：干扰全球卫星导航系统(GNSS),是大国间开展外空安全博弈的手段之一。国际社会关于干扰GNSS行为违法性的讨论刚刚开始,尚存较大争议。技术领先的国家,其对于GNSS干扰的防御、取证、核查能力都较强,就会倾向于一个认定干扰GNSS违法性的低门槛,从而为采取反措施或开展舆论战提供借口,这并不利于维系外空战略均衡。国际法并没有明文禁止干扰GNSS的行为,国际电信法、国际空间法的相关规定对界定其违法性虽然具有重要意义,但并不能得出干扰GNSS行为必然违法的结论。判断一个干扰GNSS的行为是否违反国际法,应当综合考量该行为与军事对抗关联度、“民为军用”的透明度、遵守相关限制的程度等要素。无论是对既有法(Lex Lata)的解释还是对应有法(Lex Ferenda)的设计,都应对外空军事对抗中的干扰行为适当包容。Interference with Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) is one of the means to carry out space security game among space powers. The discussion towards the illegality of interference with GNSS has just begun in the international community, and there is still much controversy. States with advanced technology, generally have strong capabilities of defense, evidence collection and verification towards interference with GNSS. Such States will tend to establish a low threshold to determine whether it is illegal to interfere with GNSS. Thus, providing an excuse for taking countermeasures or launching public opinion wars, is not conducive to maintaining a balance in outer space. International laws do not explicitly prohibit the act of interfering with GNSS. Although the relevant provisions of international telecommunication law and international space law are of great significance in defining its illegality, they cannot draw the conclusion that the act of interference with GNSS is necessarily illegal. When judging whether an act of interference with GNSS violates international law, we should comprehensively consider such factors as the relevance between the act and military confrontation, the transparency of “civilian for military” and the degree of compliance with relevant restrictions. Both interpretation of the existing law(lex lata) and design of the corresponding law(lex ferenda) should be appropriately inclusive of the interference in the military confrontation in outer space.

关 键 词：全球卫星导航系统(GNSS) 干扰 不得造成有害干扰原则 国际电信法 国际空间法 

分 类 号：DF934[政治法律—国际法学]