某燃煤电厂周边地表灰尘重金属空间分布、源解析及健康风险评价  

Spatial distribution,source analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface dust around a coal-fired power plant

作　　者：杨明航 李旭 王玥 张军[1,2] YANG Minghang;LI Xu;WANG Yue;ZHANG Jun(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,Chang′an University)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,宝鸡721013 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710064

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第8期176-182,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771215);旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室(长安大学)开放基金项目(300102290504);陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室项目(20JS012)资助。

摘　　要：为探究某燃煤电厂周边地表灰尘重金属污染状况,兼顾风向和距离,在该燃煤电厂周边布设25个地表灰尘采样点,使用ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子质谱仪)测试10种重金属元素,在ArcGIS地统计模块中对地表灰尘重金属含量进行空间预测,运用正定矩阵因子分解模型定量解析重金属来源并将贡献率空间化,应用美国环保署健康风险评价模型对地表灰尘重金属进行健康风险评价。结果表明:该燃煤电厂周边地表灰尘重金属Zn、Mn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Ni、As、Co、Hg、Cd的平均含量分别是陕西省土壤背景值的3.16、0.33、6.97、1.99、0.61、1.12、2.51、1.09、374.23、113.92倍;As、Cd、Hg、Ni、Zn的高值区分布在电厂东南部,1~1.5 km处;Co、Mn的高值区主要在电厂北部;Cr和Cu分布均匀,无明显高值异常区;Pb在燃煤电厂北侧有高值区;燃煤电厂周边地表灰尘重金属共有3个来源,因子1交通源(40.56%),因子2自然源(41.34%),因子3燃煤降尘源(18.10%);电厂周边区域儿童和成人的非致癌风险较小;儿童Cr、Co和成人Cr存在致癌风险。该燃煤电厂影响周边地表灰尘Hg和Cd的分布,燃煤源贡献率高值区在电厂东南方向1.5 km处。In order to explore the surface dust and heavy metal pollution around the coal-fired power plant,25 surface dust sampling points were arranged around the coal-fired power plant according to the wind direction and distance.10 kinds of heavy metals were tested by ICP-MS(Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer);heavy metal content in surface dust was spatially predicted using ArcGIS geostatistics module,the source of heavy metals was quantitatively analyzed by positive matrix factorization model,and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment model was applied to assess the health risk of heavy metals in surface dust.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals Zn,Mn,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,As,Co,Hg and Cd in the surface dust of the coal-fired power plants are 3.16,0.33,6.97,1.99,0.61,1.12,2.51,1.09,374.23 and 113.92 times of the soil background values of those elements in Shaanxi province,respectively.The high value areas of As,Cd,Hg,Ni and Zn distribute in the southeast of the power plant,about 1~1.5 km away from the power plant.The high value area of Co and Mn are mainly in the north of the power plant.Cr and Cu are evenly distributed without obviously abnormal high value area.There is a high value area of Pb in the north of coal-fired power plant.There are three sources of heavy metals in the surface dust around the coal-fired power plant,factor 1 is the traffic source,accounting for 40.56%,factor 2 is the natural source,accounting for 41.34%,and factor 3 is the coal-fired dust source,accounting for 18.10%of total heavy mental sources.The non-carcinogenic risk of children and adults in the area around the coal-fired power plant is small.Cr and Co for children,and Cr for adults are at risk of cancer.The coal-fired power plant affects the distribution of heavy metals Hg and Cd in the surrounding surface dust,and the area with high contribution rate of coal dust source is located 1.5 km southeast far from the power plant.

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 地表灰尘 重金属 正定矩阵因子分解模型 健康风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]