著作权法三步检验标准的误解澄清与本土重塑  

Misunderstanding Clarification and Local Reconstruction of the Three-step Test in Copyright Law

作　　者：万勇[1] Wan Yong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2022年第4期42-55,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全以公平为原则的产权保护制度研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:20ZDA049。

摘　　要：三步检验标准的表达抽象,具有较大弹性,可以被用来解决国际著作权条约谈判中极为敏感的著作权例外问题,因而在《伯尔尼公约》中被纳入之后,几乎成为后来缔结的所有国际著作权条约或自由贸易协定著作权章节的必备条款。然而,已有研究对三步检验标准存在以下三个误解:开放式例外条款违反三步检验标准;三步检验标准只具有限权功能;三步检验标准只能由立法机关适用。理论上的误解导致在《著作权法》第三次修订过程中“合理使用”条款反复变动,最终还是采用了较为保守的方案。未来修订《著作权法》时,应当在对三步检验标准正本清源的基础上进行制度改造。The expression of the three-step test is abstract and flexible, which may be used to solve the sensitive copyright exception issue in the negotiation of international copyright conventions. Consequently,after being incorporated in the Berne Convention, the three-step test has become an essential clause in almost all international copyright conventions and copyright chapters of free trade agreements. However, there are three misunderstandings about the three-step test: the open clause violates the three-step test;the threestep test has the sole function of restricting rights;the three-step test can only be applied by the legislature.Theoretical misunderstandings led to repeated changes in the "fair use" clause during the third revision of the copyright law, and finally a more conservative approach was adopted. If the copyright law would be revised in the future, it is suggested that the three-step test shall be reformed from the bottom.

关 键 词：三步检验标准 《著作权法》修改 国际著作权条约 

分 类 号：DF523.1[政治法律—民商法学]