基于渔民问卷调查分析航道整治工程对长江江豚分布的影响  

Analysis of the influence of channel regulation project on the distribution of Yangtze finless porpoises base on questionnaire survey of fishermen

作　　者：陈宇维 杨依宁 李佳[2,3] 段鹏翔 王丁 梅志刚[2] 王克雄[2] CHEN Yuwei;YANG Yining;LI Jia;DUAN Pengxiang;WANG Ding;MEI Zhigang;WANG Kexiong(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《生物资源》2022年第3期257-266,共10页Biotic Resources

基　　金：长江南京以下深水航道建设工程指挥部项目;长江南京以下12.5m深水航道二期工程河道环境保护与生态修复技术研究课题(Y649051101)。

摘　　要：2018年8月和12月,在长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道整治二期工程所涉及四个航道(仪征、和畅洲、口岸直和福姜沙)周边渔民社区,针对航道整治工程对长江江豚分布的影响,开展了渔民问卷调查。共计调查了以码头和渔港为主的22个地点,回收240份有效问卷。采用统计学方法,分析了渔民的主要作业类型和作业区域、渔获物情况,以及作业过程中目击江豚的区域和数量等;结合工程点的地理信息系统(GIS)数据,分析了长江江豚在四个水道施工前后的分布变化情况。结果表明,航道整治过程中长江江豚有避开部分施工水域的行为,但在整治工程结束后,江豚又逐渐返回;在栖息地选择上,长江江豚有向非施工水域扩散的趋势。建议通过优化工程设计和改进施工方式等措施,减缓航道工程施工对相关水域鱼类和长江江豚的扰动,以避免长江江豚自然栖息地质量下降,甚至丧失。To understand the influence of the channel regulation project on the distribution of Yangtze finless porpoises in the four channels(Yizheng,Hechangzhou,Kouanzhi and Fujiangsha)involved in the second phase of channel regulation project,a fisherman questionnaire survey was conducted in 2018.A total of 240 pieces of questionnaires collected from 22 different sites were valid for further analyzing.The age structures of interviewed fishermen,fish harvest,and finless porpoise sightings were analyzed by statistical methods.The distribution changes of Yangtze finless porpoises before and after the construction of four channels were analyzed by geo-information system(GIS)data.The results show that the Yangtze finless porpoise avoided the construction areas during the course of channel regulation project,and returned to original habitats after the project.In summary,there is a tendency that porpoises spread to non-construction areas while selecting habitat.In order to reduce the adverse effects on the Yangtze finless porpoises,it is suggested that optimizing engineering designs and improving construction methods should be taken into consideration.

关 键 词：长江江豚 航道整治工程 问卷调查 种群分布 栖息地质量 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]