水稻籼粳亚种及种间杂交不育基因的分子研究进展  

Progress in molecular studies on sterile genes of indica-japonica subspecies and interspecific hybridization in rice

作　　者：窦杨凡 耿涵 但志武 黄文超 DOU Yangfan;GENG Han;DAN Zhiwu;HUANG Wenchao(State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学生命科学学院杂交水稻国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《生物资源》2022年第3期267-274,共8页Biotic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100400);湖北省自然科学基因创新群体(2020CFA009)。

摘　　要：水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一,同时也是全球一半以上人口的主食。水稻(亚)种间杂种优势利用对于提高水稻产量具有重要意义,但水稻(亚)种间杂交不育性是利用杂种优势的一个主要障碍。本文详细论述了目前已经定位及克隆的(亚)种间杂交不育基因,剖析了调控其杂交育性的两种主要分子遗传机制——重复隐性配子致死模式和单座位孢子体-配子体互作模式,总结了相关杂种不育基因的分子演化模型,阐述了利用广亲和品种、粳型亲籼系、基因编辑技术克服水稻(亚)种间杂种不育的三种策略。展望了杂种优势提高水稻产量的发展前景,以期为水稻杂种优势的利用提供参考。Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world,and it is also the staple food for more than half of the world’s population.The utilization of heterosis is of great significance to improve rice yield,but the sterility of inter-subspecific and interspecific hybridization is a major obstacle to the utilization of heterosis.In this paper,we review indica-japonica subspecfic and interspecific hybrid sterility genes that have been located and cloned,analyze two major genetic models of hybrid sterility in rice:duplicate gametophytic lethal model and one-locus sporo-gametophytic interaction model,and summarize the molecular evolution models of related hybrid sterile genes.In addition,three practical strategies to overcome hybrid sterility are discussed,including generating wide-compatibility lines,creating indica-compatible japonica lines and CRISPR/Cas-9 based genome editing technology.The prospect of improving rice yield by heterosis is also discusssed in order to provide reference for the utilization of rice heterosis.

关 键 词：水稻 杂种不育 雌配子败育 雄配子败育 分子遗传机制 

分 类 号：Q37[生物学—遗传学]