基于GC-MS法对不同产地、不同干燥工艺制品的臭参的挥发性成分分析  

Analysis of Volatile Components of Odorous Ginseng from Different Producing Areas and Different Drying Processes Based on GC-MS

作　　者：王俊枢 饶高雄 WANG Jun-shu;RAO Gao-xiong(Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2022年第3期250-256,共7页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

基　　金：云南省科技计划生物医药重大专项资助项目(No.2018ZF014-3-1)。

摘　　要：臭参作为药食同源药材,其臭味十分明显,故本实验探究并对比臭参不同产地和不同工艺制品(鲜品和不同干制品)的挥发性成分,探究臭参不同产地、不同加工工艺的挥发性成分的差异,分析臭参的主要“臭”味成分。以水蒸气蒸馏法分别对5种不同产地的臭参和臭参的鲜品、冻干品、烘干品、晒干品的挥发油进行提取,用环己烷萃取并采用GC-MS技术分析检测鉴定其成分组成,同时用归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。(1)不同产地样品中挥发性成分有显著差异,个旧产地样品中共鉴定出26种挥发性成分,占总含量的95.23%;曲靖产地臭参样品中共鉴定出20种成分,占总量的93.89%;弥勒产地样品中共鉴定出20种成分,占总含量的91.26%;大理产地臭参样品中共鉴定出22种挥发性成分,占总含量的96.72%;玉溪产地臭参样品中共鉴定出25种挥发性成分,占总含量的93.99%。(2)分析鉴定出鲜品共有21个化合物,包括烷烃类9个,烯类5个,脂类2个,酚类2个,醛类3个,其中角鲨烯和己二酸二辛酯两种化合物含量最高;冻干品共有32个化合物,相对于鲜品多出11个化合物,烷烃类和酯类增多,其中角鲨烯和己二酸二辛酯两种化合物含量最高;烘干品共有32个化合物,相对于鲜品多出11个化合物,包括烯类、脂类、酚类、醛类;晒干品共有42个化合物,相对于鲜品多出21个化合物,其中包括醇类、脂类、醛类及酮类。不同产地的臭参其挥发性成分有差异,个别产地差异较大;臭参鲜品、冻干品及干燥品(烘干品、晒干品)成分有较大差异,说明臭参不同加工工艺对其挥发油成分有明显影响;臭参鲜品和冻干品臭味较大,其主要挥发性成分为角鲨烯和己二酸二辛酯,这两种成分为其主要“臭”味成分。As a dual-purpose food for medicine and food, the odor of Sophora flavescens is very obvious.Therefore, the experiments explores and compares the volatile components of different producing areas and different process products(fresh products and different dry products),explains the differences of volatile components of different producing areas and different processing technologies, and analyzes the main “odor” of odorous ginseng flavor components.The volatile oils of fresh, freeze-dried, dried and sun dried samples of five kinds of Radix Sophorae from different habitats were extracted by steam distillation, extracted with cyclohexane, analyzed and identified by GC-MS,and the relative content of each component was determined by normalization method.The result showed there were significant differences in volatile components in samples from different producing areas.A total of 26 volatile components were identified in Gejiu samples, accounting for 95.23% of the total content;A total of 20 components were identified in the samples of odorous ginseng from Qujing, accounting for 93.89% of the total content;A total of 20 components were identified in Mile samples, accounting for 91.26% of the total content;A total of 22 volatile components were identified in the samples of odorous ginseng from Dali, accounting for 96.72% of the total content;A total of 25 volatile components were identified in Yuxi odorous ginseng samples, accounting for 93.99% of the total content.A total of 21 compounds were identified, including 9 alkanes, 5 alkenes, 2 lipids, 2 phenols and 3 aldehydes.There were 32 compounds in lyophilized products, 11 more than fresh products, and alkanes and esters increased, among which squalene and dioctyl adipate had the highest content.There were 32 compounds in dried products, 11 more than fresh products, including olefins, lipids, phenols and aldehydes.There were 42 compounds in sun dried products, 21 more than fresh products, including alcohols, lipids, aldehydes and ketones.There were great differences

关 键 词：臭参 不同产地 干燥工艺 挥发油 GC-MS 药食同源 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学] R917[医药卫生—中医学]