庚子国变前后清宗人府的运转情况探微  

On the Operation of Qing’s Imperial Clan Court before and after the Siege of International Legations

作　　者：佟斯文 Tong Siwen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第6期122-135,166,167,共16页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：百年前的庚子国变给北京城及其居民带来了空前的浩劫。清代宗人府职掌皇族属籍,本应对数以万计的皇族人口的生命安全负责,然而在新近开放的晚清宗人府档案中却可以看到:宗人府在庚子国变前后的表现实有颟顸无力之嫌,不仅未对迫在眉睫的战争灾难做过认真准备,而且在八国联军占领北京期间还陷入比其他部院衙门更为严重的瘫痪。两宫回銮后,宗人府恢复办公,从此便开始为窘迫不已的财政、积压已久的日常业务、战争中的皇族生命财产损失统计及抚恤等难题疲于奔命,对上难以承办,对下无从管理。这种混乱无力应主要归因于宗人府本身的制度缺陷,而清朝的惨败又将这一先天不足急剧放大。A hundred years ago,the siege of the international legations,also named as“Gengzi incident”,was inflicted upon the Qing Dynasty China.It was an“Armageddon”to Chinese people.In charge of the membership of the imperial family,the imperial clan court in Qing Dynasty should have been responsible for the life safety of tens of thousands of imperial members.However,it can be seen from the newly available archives of the imperial clan court in late Qing Dynasty that the performance of the court before and after the Gengzi incident was careless and weak.It hadn’t made any careful preparations for the impending war and disaster,and after the occupation of Peking by international legations,the court was much more paralyzed than other governmental organs.After Cixi and Guangxu returned to Peking,the imperial clan court restored their work,busy coping with the tight finance,the overloaded business as well as the calculation of casualties and compensations for the imperial family in wartime.It couldn’t take charge of tasks assigned by the higher-up or manage the subordinates.Such confusion and inability was mainly due to the institutional disadvantages of the imperial clan court,and the crushing defeat of the Qing Dynasty magnified that congenital inadequacy.

关 键 词：宗人府 庚子国变 殉难 恩赏 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]