内阁政制与北京政变后的北洋政权代谢  

The Cabinet System and Regime Change in Northern China After the Beijing Coup

作　　者：周海建 Zhou Haijian

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期162-177,226,227,共18页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“国民党统治时期的清史认知;书写与阅读文化研究(1928—1949)”(21CZ046)。

摘　　要：1924年10月的北京政变是民国北京政治的一个重要节点。政变之后,总统、国会逐渐被边缘化,内阁成为北京政府唯一的中枢决策机构。内阁的中央职能和法统特性使它在当时的北方政局中难以或缺,故内阁的组织人事和制度依据每每成为各派系关注的焦点。但这一时期各派系在内阁的成立依据问题上存在严重分歧,造成了内阁政制的持续演变。复杂的政团斗争破坏了内阁摄政或执政的信任基础,影响了北京政府行政机制的连续性。奉系在无法维系内阁政制既有法统的情况下,成立了以张作霖为首的军政府制,改变了北京政府在中央政制层面的内外关系,使其失去了政统上的优势。内阁政制的复杂性与军阀间的矛盾交互影响,导致了民初政制体系的消亡。The Beijing coup of October 1924 was a pivotal point in the politics of Republican Beijing. After thecoup, the President and the National Assembly were gradually marginalized, and the Cabinet became the only central decision-making body of the Beijing government. The Cabinet’s central function and juridical character made it indispensable in north China’s political situation. Therefore, the Cabinet’s organizationalpersonnel and institutional basis always became the focus of attention of various factions. However, therewere serious disagreements among the factions on the basis of the establishment of the Cabinet during this period, which led to the continuous evolution of the Cabinet system. As a result, the political groups’ complex struggle undermined the basis of trust in the Cabinet’s regency or rule and affected the continuity ofthe administrative mechanism of the Beijing government. Unable to maintain the established legal system ofthe cabinet system, the Fengtian clique established the military government headed by Zhang Zuolin and thus changed the Beijing government’s internal and external relations at the level of the central political system depriving it of the advantage of the political legitimacy. The interaction between the Cabinet system ’s complexity and the conflicts among the warlords led to the early civil system’s demise.

关 键 词：内阁政制 北洋军阀 北京政变 段祺瑞 吴佩孚 张作霖 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] K262[政治法律—中外政治制度]