新冠疫情中国家紧急权力行使的正当性分析  

Analysis on the Legitimacy of State Emergency Power Exercise under COVID-19

作　　者：张浩泽 张尤佳[2] 沈红 Zhang Haoze;Zhang Youjia;Shen Hong

机构地区：[1]东北大学 [2]东北大学法学系

出　　处：《医学与法学》2022年第4期104-108,共5页Medicine and Jurisprudence

基　　金：第十五届全国大学生创新创业训练计划辽宁省级自筹项目“新冠疫情下国家紧急权力行使的合法合宪性及界限研究——以高校隔离措施为切入点”(项目编号:211002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新冠疫情暴发以来,各级国家机关行使紧急权力,以控制全国范围内的疫情,其正当性可从合法性、合理性和实效性三个维度来分析。其合法性依据包括《宪法》《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》和《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》;合理性则体现在行使紧急权力行为的社会性、法律性以及“维护公共利益”的意志性;然其实效性无论是在法律层面还是在实践层面都存在偏离。因此,从完善立法和加强制度设计两方面提出加强紧急权力行使的实效性的对策。Since the outbreak of COVID-19, state organs at all levels exercise emergency powers to control the pandemic nationwide. This paper analyzes the legitimacy of emergency power exercise in COVID-19 from the dimensions of legality, rationality and effectiveness. The basis of legitimacy includes The Constitution, The Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Regulations on Response to Public Health Emergencies;and rationality is reflected in the social and legal nature of exercising emergency power and the will of "maintaining public interest";however, its validity deviates both at the legal and practical levels. Therefore, this paper proposes countermeasures to strengthen the effectiveness of the exercise of emergency powers from two aspects: perfecting legislation and strengthening system design.

关 键 词：新冠疫情 紧急权力 紧急状态 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.14[政治法律—法学]