重力流超滤长期净水效果评价及其清洗方法  

Evaluation of long-term water purification efficiency and cleaning method of gravity-driven membrane filtration

作　　者：刘雷[1] 郑雨 王岳 袁庆科 孟颖 栾富波 LIU Lei;ZHENG Yu;WANG Yue;YUAN Qingke;MENG Ying;LUAN Fubo(School of Municipal&Environmental and Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China;Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Wuhan Wuke Shanshui Ecological Engineering Company,Wuhan 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,济南250101 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085 [3]武汉武科善水生态工程有限公司,武汉430071 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2022年第6期1797-1806,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1100103);中国-斯里兰卡水技术研究与示范联合中心资助项目;“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟资助项目(ANSO-CR-KP-2020-05);中国科学院国际伙伴计划中缅生态饮用水安全示范合作项目(GJHZ2086)。

摘　　要：为明确重力流超滤工艺(gravity-driven membrane,GDM)在无清洗、无维护条件下长期运行的通量变化特征及其对雨水的净水效果,对GDM装置进行了为期240 d的运行。结果表明:长期运行的GDM装置可分为3个时期,分别为启动期(0~8 d)、稳定期(9~150 d)和下降期(151~240 d)。GDM装置运行9 d后通量即可保持稳定,在无清洗条件下,最大稳定运行时间可达150 d,其平均通量为(8.85±0.74)L·(m^(2)·h)^(-1)。此外,不同的进水水质因子,包括溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)、pH、总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)和菌落总数,是影响稳定通量值的关键因素,其影响效应在稳定期和下降期均表现出不同规律。在稳定期内,GDM运行的出水水质较好,雨水中的典型污染物(浊度、色度、TOC和菌落总数)经净化后均达到我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》。而在下降期(151~240 d),膜通量降低至5.37 L·(m^(2)·h)^(-1),且GDM出水中菌落总数存在超标现象,因此,建议在运行150 d后对GDM进行清洗维护,以恢复膜通量和稳定净水效果。此外,通过表面清洗和手动反冲洗即可恢复GDM装置80%的膜通量。综上所述,GDM可稳定净化雨水,长期运行后简单清洗即可恢复大部分膜通量,适用于在我国农村地区推广应用。To understand the characteristics of flux change and rainwater purification efficiency of the gravitydriven membrane(GDM) filtration process in long-term operation without any cleaning and maintenance,the GDM was operated for 240 days.The results showed that three different periods occurred during the long-term operation of the GDM,namely,the start-up period(0~8 d),the stabilization period(9~150 d) and the decline period(151~240 d).The permeate flux could stabilize at(8.85±0.74) L·(m^(2)·h)^(-1) after 9 days operation,and the maximum stable operation time could reach 150 days without any cleaning and washing procedures.In addition,the influent water quality factors,including DO,pH,TOC and total plate counts,were the key factors affecting the stable flux,and their effects showed different patterns in both the stable and decline periods.During the stable period,the GDM setup could greatly remove the typical pollutants(including turbidity,color,TOC and total plate counts) in the rainwater,the effluent water quality met Chinese drinking water standards.However,during the decline period(151~240 days),the permeate flux decreased to 5.37 L·(m^(2)·h)^(-1) and the total plate counts in the permeate could exceed the standards,so it was recommended to clean and maintain the GDM at the end of stable period(about 150 days) to recover the permeate as well as the function of water purification.Meanwhile,surface cleaning and manual backwashing could recover 80% of permeate flux.Accordingly,this study showed that GDM could stably purify the rainwater,and the permeate flux could recover by simple cleaning after long-term operation,which was suitable for the application in rural areas of China.

关 键 词：雨水净化 饮用水安全 重力流超滤 稳定通量 清洗方法 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]