黄河宁夏段水沙演变规律及冲淤空间分布特征研究  

Evolution Law of Water and Sediment and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Erosion and Deposition in the Ningxia Section of the Yellow River

作　　者：朱婉依 李昆鹏[2,3] 李丽珂 郑佳芸 张世安 ZHU Wanyi;LI Kunpeng;LI Like;ZHENG Jiayun;ZHANG Shian(Chengdu Xingcheng Capital Management Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 500643,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Reservoir-Lake Function Restoring and Maintaining,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]成都兴城资本管理有限责任公司,四川成都500643 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [3]河南省湖库功能恢复与维持工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第8期28-33,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2021-06,HKY-JBYW-2020-16);水利部水利技术示范项目(SF-202204);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407402)。

摘　　要：黄河宁夏段部分河段河势仍未得到有效控制,河势摆动致使局部已建工程出现脱溜失效现象,洪凌安全隐患依然存在。以黄河宁夏段下河沿—石嘴山河段为研究对象,系统研究1950—2019年不同时期、不同河段干支流水沙年内与年际变化特征、河势演变过程以及河道与水库泥沙冲淤分布,以期为《黄河宁夏段清淤疏浚(采砂)规划》编制提供科学支撑。结果表明:①1950年11月—2019年10月,宁夏段下河沿站多年平均水沙量分别为298.6亿m^(3)、1.13亿t,汛期水沙量分别占全年的51.7%、84.1%。②1958—2019年,清水河泉眼山站、苦水河郭家桥站水沙量年内、年际变化较大,丰枯悬殊;清水河泉眼山站多年平均水沙量分别为1.14亿m^(3)、0.246亿t,苦水河郭家桥站多年平均水沙量分别为0.97亿m^(3)、0.045亿t。③沙坡头坝下—仁存渡河段经多年微弯型整治,河势已趋于稳定;仁存渡—头道墩河段为过渡型河段,河势大多依地形下行变化不定,局部河段河势摆幅得到了控制;头道墩—石嘴山河段为游荡型河道,河床宽浅,主流摆动不定,河势变化剧烈。④1993年5月—2018年11月,断面法计算沙坡头坝下—石嘴山河段共淤积泥沙2.150亿t,其中主槽淤积0.375亿t、滩地淤积1.775亿t;截至2018年10月,青铜峡水库淤积泥沙5.59亿m^(3),库容淤损92.2%。The river regime of some sections in Ningxia section of the Yellow River has not been effectively controlled,and the oscillation of the river regime has led to the slippage and failure of some existing projects and the potential safety hazards of floods and ice-run floods still exist.Taking the Ningxia section of the Yellow River from Xiaheyan to Shizuishan as an object,this paper systematically studied the characteristics of intra-annual and inter-annual variation of water and sediment in the main and tributaries of different river sections and main and tributaries from 1950 to 2019,the evolution process of the river regime,and the distribution of sediment erosion and deposition in the river channel and reservoir,in order to provide scientific support for the preparation of the Ningxia Section of the Yellow River Dredging(Sand Mining)Plan.The results show that a)from November 1950 to October 2019,the average annual water and sediment volumes at Xiaheyan Station in the Ningxia section are 29.86 billion m^(3) and 113 million tons respectively,and the flood season water and sediment volumes account for 51.7%and 84.1%of the whole year respectively.b)From 1958 to 2019,the annual and inter-annual variation of water and sediment volume at Quanyanshan Station of Qingshui River and Guojiaqiao Station of Kushui River fluctuate greatly,with a great disparity between wet and dry;The multi-year average water and sediment volumes of Quanyanshan Station on the Qingshui River are 114 million m^(3) and 24.6 million tons respectively,and the multi-year average water and sediment volumes of Guojiaqiao Station on the Kushui River are 97 million m^(3) and 4.5 million tons respectively.c)After years of slight bend regulation,the river regime of the section from Baxia to Rencundu of Shapotou has tended to be stable;the section from Rencundu to Toudaodun is a transitional reach,and the river regime mostly varies downward according to the terrain,and the river regime swing of some reach has been controlled;Toudaodun-Shizuishan reach is

关 键 词：冲淤量 淤积分布 水沙演变 河势变化 黄河宁夏段 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]