霸权护持:美国“印太”战略的升级  

Hegemonic Maintenance:Upgrades of The U.S.Indo-Pacific Strategy

作　　者：赵菩 李巍[1] ZHAO Pu;LI Wei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100000

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2022年第4期24-46,127,共24页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(21XNH044)。

摘　　要：从特朗普政府开始,美国将中国确立为最主要的战略竞争对手,其中“印太”战略是美国同中国展开竞争以护持其霸权最为重要的战略框架。“印太”战略虽然最早由特朗普政府正式提出并系统阐述,但限于其有限的国际执行能力和单边主义的政策方向,该战略总体上成效甚微。拜登政府上台之后,为了更加有效地与中国展开竞争以维护美国的霸权地位,全盘继承并大幅升级了这一新型国际战略,具体主要体现在三个方面:第一,在“印太”地区全面回归区域多边主义,通过制度升级、制度创建与制度回归三种方式重构美国主导下的印太区域制度体系以“规锁”中国;第二,以经济外交为抓手,在供应链、技术、基建和数字贸易等方面为“印太”框架注入经济合作动能,以夯实“印太”战略的经济基础;第三,从“美国优先”转向高度重视对盟友与伙伴的投资,积极打造美国在“印太”地区的战略支点国家,以实现其在地缘经济和地缘政治两个方面制衡中国的目标。拜登政府在以上三个方面的努力,将有可能对中国的区域外部环境形成更为严峻的战略压力。Since the Trump administration,the United States has established China as the most important strategic competitor,formally proposed the Indo-Pacific strategy and described it systematically,taking it as the most important strategic framework for competition with China for its hegemonic maintenance.However,due to its limited international implementation capacity and unilateral policy orientation,the strategy had little effect.After the Biden administration came to power,in order to maintain hegemony and compete more effectively with China,the new international strategy has been fully inherited and significantly upgraded.Firstly,the United States seeks a comprehensive return to regional multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific region.It intends to reconstruct the US-led Indo-Pacific regional institutional system to"confine"China through institutional upgrade,institutional creation and institutional return.Secondly,it injects economic cooperation momentum into the Indo-Pacific framework in terms of supply chain,technology,infrastructure,and digital trade through economic diplomacy,so as to consolidate the economic foundation of the IndoPacific strategy.Finally,the U.S.shifts from"America First"to attaching great importance to investment in allies and partners,and actively builds several strategic pivot countries for it in the Indo-Pacific region to achieve the goal of balancing China geoeconomically and geo-politically.The Biden administration’s efforts in the above three aspects would form more severe strategic pressure on China’s regional and international environment.

关 键 词：“印太”战略 战略升级 制度重构 经济外交 支点国家 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]