加强兽医公共卫生建设应对动物源性传染病的挑战  

Strengthening the construction of veterinary public health to meet the challenge of animal-borne communicable diseases

作　　者：王凯[1] 孙颖 张秀萍 范昱鑫[1] 罗弼豪 张彦明 郭抗抗[1] WANG Kai;SUN Ying;ZHANG Xiuping;FAN Yuxin;LUO Bihao;ZHANG Yanming;GUO Kangkang(College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;College of Animal Science,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang843300,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]塔里木大学动物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2022年第6期1302-1308,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31672580)。

摘　　要：近年来,动物源性传染病在全球范围内发病呈上升趋势,给公共卫生安全带来巨大冲击。我国畜禽和宠物养殖数量大、增长快,野生动物资源丰富,在防控动物源性传染病方面面临巨大挑战。通过阐述动物在重症急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征、新型冠状病毒肺炎、鼠疫、狂犬病及布鲁菌病等新发及再发人类疫病发生和传播过程中所起的作用,从病原、畜禽及宠物养殖和生物防护等角度分析了动物源性传染病多发的原因,并针对引起动物源性传染病多发的客观情况,提出加强兽医公共卫生法律法规建设及宣传、野生动物保护、畜禽养殖防护、基层防控能力建设及动物疫病研究等措施,从而强化兽医公共卫生在防控动物源性传染病的重要作用,为我国动物源性传染病的监测和防控,加快新型兽医公共卫生体系构建提供一些有用信息和参考。In recent years,animal-derived communicable diseases are on the rise around the world,which has a huge impact on world public health security.The large number and rapid growth of livestock,poultry,and pets in China,as well as the abundant wildlife resources,our country faces great challenges in the prevention and control of animal-derived communicable diseases.By illustrating the role of animals in the occurrence and transmission of new and recurrent human epidemics,such as severe acute respiratory syndrome,Middle East respiratory syndrome,COVID-19,plague,rabies and brucellosis,we analysed the causes of the occurrence of animal-derived infectious diseases from the perspectives of pathogens,livestock,poultry and pet breeding and biological protection.In order to strengthen the important role of veterinary public health in the prevention and control of animal-derived communicable diseases,we proposes measures to strengthen the construction and publicity of veterinary public health laws and regulations,wildlife protection,livestock and poultry breeding protection,community-level capacity building for prevention and control,research on animal epidemics,and so on,which will provides some useful information and reference for the monitoring,prevention and control of animal-derived communicable diseases in China and the construction of a new veterinary public health system.

关 键 词：动物源性传染病 兽医公共卫生 公共安全 生物防控 

分 类 号：S851.2[农业科学—预防兽医学]