中国育龄女性体重过低、超重和肥胖的流行现状及危险因素分析  

Prevalence and risk factors of underweight,overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age in China

作　　者：吴申鹏 董婧 马旭 贺媛[1,2] Wu Shenpeng;Dong Jing;Ma Xu;He Yuan(National Research Institute for Family Planning,Beijing 100081,China;Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委科学技术研究所,北京100081 [2]北京协和医学院,100730

出　　处：《中华临床营养杂志》2022年第2期79-86,共8页Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1000102);河南省重点研发与推广专项(JBKY2021007)。

摘　　要：目的分析2013年和2019年中国18~49岁育龄女性体重过低、超重和肥胖状况、变化趋势及相关危险因素。方法本研究采用2013年和2019年参加“国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目”的育龄女性9220664人的孕前检查资料,分析其体重过低、超重和肥胖流行情况、变化趋势,以2010年全国人口普查数据计算年龄标化率,采用Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果中国18~49岁育龄女性的体重过低率为7.47%,超重和肥胖率分别为21.05%和6.08%。从2013年至2019年间,育龄女性的体重过低率有所下降,超重肥胖率显著上升。低龄、受教育程度高及少数民族是体重过低的危险因素,高龄、农民、既往孕次及产次是超重肥胖的危险因素,而素食习惯、吸烟或被动吸烟均可能增加体重过低或超重肥胖的发生风险。结论我国育龄女性面临营养不良和营养过剩的双重挑战,应加强对育龄女性的孕前体重管理。Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of pre-pregnancy underweight,overweight and obesity among women aged 18~49 years in China in 2013 and 2019 and the changing trends during this period.Methods Pre-pregnancy examination data were collected for 9220664 women of reproductive age who participated in the National Free Pre-pregnancy Health Examination Project in 2013 and 2019,to analyze the prevalence and changing trends of underweight,overweight and obesity.Data from China Population Census in 2010 were applied to calculate the age-standardized prevalence of underweight,overweight and obesity.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors.Results The prevalence of underweight,overweight and obesity among women aged 18-49 years in China was 7.47%,21.05%and 6.08%,respectively.Over the seven years from 2013 to 2019,the prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age had decreased,and the prevalence of overweight and obesity had increased significantly.Younger age,higher education level and ethnic minorities were the risk factors of underweight,while advanced age,farmers,previous gravidity and previous parity were the risk factors of overweight and obesity.Vegetarian,smoking and passive smoking might increase the risk of underweight,overweight and obesity.Conclusion Women of reproductive age in China are faced with the dual challenge of malnutrition and overnutrition and the weight management before pregnancy should be strengthened for women of reproductive age.

关 键 词：育龄女性 孕前 体重过低 超重 肥胖 

分 类 号：R589.2[医药卫生—内分泌] R181.3[医药卫生—内科学]