低压直流供用电系统电压等级研究  

Study on voltage level in low voltage direct current supply and utilization system

作　　者：徐龙威 孙媛媛[1] 马钊 李亚辉 孙凯祺[1] 李可军[1] 娄杰[1] XU Longwei;SUN Yuanyuan;MA Zhao;LI Yahui;SUN Kaiqi;LI Kejun;LOU Jie(School of Electrical Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学电气工程学院,山东济南2500611

出　　处：《供用电》2022年第8期3-14,共12页Distribution & Utilization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51977123)。

摘　　要：在当前供用电系统中,随着以分布式光伏为代表的直流电源的快速增长以及以智能电器为代表的直流负荷的日益增多,供用电系统的直流化特征明显。采用直流供电形式的低压直流供用电系统具有广阔的发展前景,其中电压等级是低压直流供用电系统发展的前提。但目前尚未形成合理统一的电压序列,电压等级的选取成为亟待解决的问题。首先,介绍了低压直流供用电系统的典型应用场景和示范工程中普遍采取的电压等级,总结了现有的低压直流电压等级标准;然后,结合已有的行业经验和标准规范,研究了低压直流供用电系统电压等级分析方法,着重强调触电安全和供电能力约束,给出了电压等级配置原则和约束条件,并提出了综合评估体系;最后,以目前常用的750 V/375 V/48 V为标称电压,明确了“电压带”的概念并做出了规定,为未来低压直流电压等级的研究提供了借鉴依据。In the current power supply and utilization system,with the rapid growth of DC power supply represented by distributed photovoltaics and the increasing DC load represented by intelligent appliances,the DC characteristics of the power supply and utilization system are obvious.By adopting the DC power supply,the low voltage direct current supply and utilization system(LVDCSUS)has broad development prospects,in which the low voltage direct current(LVDC)voltage level is the premise of LVDCSUS development.However,a reasonable and unified voltage sequence has not been formed,and the selection of voltage levels has become an urgent problem to be solved in LVDCSUS.Firstly,the general voltage levels in the LVDC typical application scenarios and demonstration projects are introduced,and the existing standards of LVDC voltage levels are summarized in the paper.Then,combing with existing industry experiences and standards,the analysis method for the voltage level of LVDCSUS is studied.By emphasizing the constraints of electric shock safety and power supply capacity,the determination principles and constraint conditions of LVDC voltage level are given.A comprehensive evaluation system is also proposed in the paper.Finally,based on the common nominal voltages of 750 V/375 V/48 V,the concept of“voltage band”is defined and specified,which can provide a reference for future research on LVDC voltage levels.

关 键 词：低压直流 电压等级 直流负荷 供电能力 电压带 

分 类 号：TM71[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]