黄淮南部小麦新品种(系)在过渡生态区南阳盆地利用分析  

Utilization of New Wheat Varieties(Lines)from Southern Huanghuai in Nanyang Basin-Transitional Ecological Area

作　　者：简俊涛 王清华 杨辉 刘骏 朱传杰[3] 李玉鹏 张彬 张震 全洪雷 谢彦周[3] 王成社[3] Jian Juntao;Wang Qinghua;Yang Hui;Liu Jun;Zhu Chuanjie;Li Yupeng;Zhang Bin;Zhang Zhen;Quan Honglei;Xie Yanzhou;Wang Chengshe(Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanyang 473000,Henan,China;Jiaozuo Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Jiaozuo 454002,Henan,China;College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Xianyang 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳市农业科学院,河南南阳473000 [2]焦作市农林科学研究院,河南焦作454002 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西咸阳712100

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第4期46-53,共8页Crops

基　　金：旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CSBAAKF2021003);西北农林科技大学南阳小麦试验示范站建设项目。

摘　　要：南阳盆地在春季常年有条锈病流行发生,独特的气候被认为不适宜优质麦的发展,因此筛选条锈病抗性好、品质优且兼顾综合农艺性状优良的小麦新品种(系)可为南阳盆地小麦选择利用提供参考。以2020-2021年国家黄淮南片区域试验的91份小麦新品种(系)为材料,以成株期条锈菌混合小种条中32和条中34病圃鉴定,调查重要农艺指标,收获后测定品质。结果表明,国家区域试验条锈抗性结果达到慢条锈及高抗的有35份(38.46%),病圃鉴定条锈中抗及以上有39份(42.86%)。2021年区域试验样品在南阳收获后品质结果达到强筋及中强筋有20份(21.98%),2020年区试参试样品达到强筋及中强筋有57份(62.64%)。条锈抗性达到中抗及以上农艺性状的39份材料在平方欧式距离6.25处聚为7个类群,各类群在株高、穗长、穗型、千粒重、抽穗期、株型和穗粒数等各有偏重;拉伸面积均值小,可能是影响南阳小麦品质是否达到优质的关键指标,变异系数较大表明材料丰富。兼顾抗性、品质和农艺指标,陕禾1028和泛育麦20是较好的优质强筋品种,适合在南阳优质麦生产中利用,作为优质强筋组合重点使用。Stripe rust occurred frequently in spring of Nanyang basin,and the unique climate in Nanyang is not suitable for the development of high quality wheat.Selecting new wheat varieties(lines)with good stripe rust resistance,good quality and comprehensive agronomic traits could provide a reference for the selection and utilization of Nanyang basin.In order to identify stripe rust resistance,the key agronomic indicators and the quality after harvest of 91 new wheat varieties(lines)tested in the national Huanghuai region from 2020 to 2021 were studied by inoculating with mixed bacteria of Tiaozhong 32 and Tiaozhong 34 at adult stage.A total of 35 samples(38.46%)showed slow stripe rust resistance or high stripe rust resistance from the result of national districts,and 39 samples(42.86%)showed moderate or higher stripe rust resistance from the result of artificial inoculation identification.After harvest from Nanyang in 2021,20 samples(21.98%)showed strong gluten or medium-strong gluten from the result of national districts,and 57 samples(62.64%)showed strong gluten or medium-strong gluten from the samples in 2020.The stripe rust resistance of 39 strips reached medium resistance or above,and were clustered into seven groups at the square euclidean distance of 6.25 according to agronomic traits.The small mean tensile area might be a key index affecting the quality of wheat in Nanyang.The large coefficients of variation indicated the materials were abundant variation.Shanhe 1028 and Fanyumai 20 were varieties with high quality and strong gluten suitable for planting in Nanyang,and can be utilized in breeding of the combination of high quality and strong gluten.

关 键 词：黄淮南部 小麦 南阳盆地 条锈病抗性 农艺性状 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]