角色差异:我国医务社会工作者对医疗场域的适应现状研究  

Role Discrepancy:Research on the Status of Adaptation of Medical Social Workers to the Medical Field in China

作　　者：张亦弛 ZHANG Yichi

机构地区：[1]韩国成均馆大学,首尔03063

出　　处：《社会工作》2022年第4期80-92,108,109,共15页Journal of Social Work

摘　　要：医务社会工作者在日常工作中面临着什么样的角色差异?本文采用质性研究方法,分别对7名医务社会工作者进行了深层访谈。通过主题分析方法对访谈资料进行分析后得出“对各类角色感知一致,在医疗场域适应良好”和“在医疗场域中感知到不同类型的角色差异”2个主题以及相关的6个子主题。研究结果表明,当医务社会工作者在实际工作中感知到角色一致时,其工作成就感高,对医疗场域的适应良好,愿意在医务社会工作领域继续履行专业角色。反之,当实际履行的角色与入职前的理想角色以及重要他人定义的角色之间存在差异时,医务社会工作者会对工作内容产生失望,导致工作满意度降低,甚至选择离职。为保证医务社会工作的持续发展,改善医务社会工作者角色差异问题,建议地方政府借鉴“派遣制”对社会工作的发展提供有效支持,加强高校教育与实务现场的联系,加快医务社会工作职业社会化进程。With the strong support of the central and local governments,medical social work has achieved great development in the past two decades in China.However,the issue of how medical social workers perform“professional roles”to adapt to the medical field is still troubling many front-line medical social workers.First,medical social workers are expected to play dif-ferent roles in government,hospital,client,and social work field,which makes medical social workers prone to confusion when establishing professional roles.Second,social awareness of medical social work is low in China,therefore,when medi-cal social workers collaborate with other professionals in the medical field,they are always not recognized and appreciated by other professionals.In recent years,the issue of how medical social workers perform a“professional role”in the medical field has also aroused extensive discussions in academia.However,front-line medical social workers’perspective on this is-sue and their own views on role dilemmas are limited in previous studies.Thus,this study aims to explore the actual status of medical social workers performing the professional role in China’s medical field.Based on role discrepancy theory,“role”is defined from six dimensions:actual/own,ideal/own,ought/own,ac-tual/other,ideal/other and ought/other.Using qualitative research methods,in-depth interviews with 7 medical social work-ers were conducted.The result of thematic analysis yielded the first theme of“The perception of various roles is consistent and well adapted to the medical field”,and the 2 related subthemes of“The actual role is consistent with the ideal role,and there is a sense of achievement in the work”,and“The cognition of‘own’and‘other’about the role is consistent,and there is a willingness to continue working”;the second theme of“The different types of role discrepancy are perceived in the medi-cal field”,the 4 related subthemes of“Perceived the discrepancy between the actual role and the ideal role,leading

关 键 词：角色差异理论 医务社会工作者 医疗场域 主题分析方法 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]