不同部位烟叶烘烤失水特性及化学物质变化  

Changes of Dehydration Characteristics and Chemical Substances in Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves from Different Growing Positions

作　　者：黄广华[1] 徐志强[1] 史久长 王卫民[1] 张广普 马留军 王晓 李峥 HUANG Guang-hua;XU Zhi-qiang;SHI Jiu-chang;WANG Wei-min;ZHANG Guang-pu;MA Liu-jun;WANG Xiao;LI Zheng(China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310024,PRC)

机构地区：[1]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310024

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第7期61-65,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江中烟科技项目(ZJZY2021B005)。

摘　　要：为了解烘烤过程中不同部位烟叶的失水规律和化学成分含量的变化。以云烟87品种为试验材料,分别于烤前(30℃)及烘烤关键温度点(38、42、45、48和54℃)末期取样,检测叶片和主脉的含水量,并计算整叶含水量和各阶段叶片、主脉的失水质量占比;同时检测主要化学成分和色素含量。结果表明:鲜烟叶含水量随部位升高显著降低,叶片含水量在42℃后失水速率明显加快,主脉在48~54℃期间失水幅度最明显,上部叶主脉失水加快的阶段相对滞后;叶片失水质量占比在42℃之前和48~54℃期间呈下降趋势,下部叶叶片失水占比为主的周期要短于中、上部烟叶;总糖、还原糖含量在42℃之前增幅明显,烟碱、总氮、蛋白质等含氮化合物和淀粉不断降低,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素随烘烤进行也不断降解,下部叶的类叶比升高速率较快;烟叶含水量指标与类胡萝卜素的相关性最好,各项指标间均达到显著或极显著正相关。In order to understand the law of dehydration drying and the changes of chemical components in tobacco leaves from different growing positions during flue-curing,the variety Yunyan87 was used as the tested material.The leaf samples were taken before flue-curing (30℃),and at the ends of 38℃,42℃,45℃,48℃ and 54℃ (key temperature points for flue-curing),respectively.The moisture contents of leaves and midribs were detected,and the moisture content of a whole leaf and the proportion of dehydration mass of leaves and midribs at each stage were calculated.The main chemical components and pigment content were also detected.The results showed that the moisture content of fresh tobacco decreased significantly with the rise of growing positions.The water loss of leaves significantly sped up after 42℃,and the water loss of midribs was most obvious during 48℃-54℃.The acceleration stage of dehydration in the midrib of the upper leaf was relatively lagging behind.The proportion of leaf dehydration mass decreased before 42℃ and during 48℃-54℃.The period of dehydration mainly in the lower leaves was shorter than that in the middle and upper leaves.The contents of total sugars and reducing sugar increased significantly before 42℃.Nicotine,total nitrogen,protein and other nitrogenous compounds and starch showed a decreasing trend during flue-curing.Chlorophyll and carotenoids also degraded continuously with flue-curing.The ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll in underpart leaves increased rapidly.There was a closest correlation between leaf moisture content and carotenoids,and a significantly or a very significantly positive correlation existed between the indices.

关 键 词：部位 烟叶烘烤 主脉 含水量 化学成分 色素 相关性 

分 类 号：TS443[农业科学—烟草工业]