论港口经营人面临的法律困境与现实出路--以“两规”废止后为视角  

The Legal Difficulties and Realistic Solution for Port Operators from the Perspective of the Abolition of“Two Regulations”

作　　者：崔源媛 张倩茜 CUI Yuan-yuan;ZHANG Qian-qian(Nanjing Maritime Court,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京海事法院,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国海事》2022年第7期48-52,共5页China Maritime Safety

摘　　要：我国是世界上最具影响力的水运大国,港口规模、港口货物吞吐量及集装箱吞吐量均居世界第一。但规范我国水路货物运输、港口货物作业的“两规”废止后,对港口货物交付规则的确定、港口经营人留置权的行使及相关方责任承担等方面产生影响。《民法典》等相关法律规范对此尚无细化规定,亟需更明确、更全面的法律规范对港口货物作业活动予以规制。建议通过出台单独规范港口货物作业的专项法律、将港口货物作业纳入《海商法》修改范围或引导当事人将“两规”列入合同约定等方式规范港口货物作业行为,从而实现港口经营人防范风险和化解纠纷的双重价值。China is the most influential country in maritime transportation,which ranks first in the world in terms of its port scale,port cargo throughput,and container throughput.However,the abolition of the“two regulations”that used to regulate the inland transportation and port goods operations has a significant impact on the determination of the applicable rules for cargo delivery at ports,the right of possessory lien of port operators,the responsibility of the parties involved and so on.Given the fact that there are no detailed rules in the Civil Code of China or other relevant laws to govern port cargo operations,it is urgent to have more explicit and comprehensive rules to regulate port cargo operations.The paper suggests promulgating a specialized law to regulate port operations or,as an alternative,extending the applicable scope of the Maritime Law of China to matters concerning port cargo operations through the amendment of the code or encourage the parties to incorporate the“two regulations”into their transportation contract,with the purpose of preventing the risks of port operators and resolving disputes as well.

关 键 词：“两规” 港口经营人 港口货物作业 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]