养老还是养小:中国家庭照顾赤字下的代际分配  

Care for the Elderly or the Children:Intergenerational Distribution in the Context of China’s Family Care Deficit

作　　者：钟晓慧[1] 彭铭刚[2] Zhong Xiaohui;Peng Minggang

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院 [2]广州大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会学研究》2022年第4期93-116,228,共25页Sociological Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目《中国老龄社会治理下的积极家庭政策研究》(项目批准号:20BRK034)的阶段性成果;中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院学科建设项目“全国社会福利态度调查”,项目负责人为岳经纶教授,钟晓慧为项目团队成员

摘　　要：在老龄少子化的时代背景下,中国家庭面临一老一小照顾需求叠加的新图景。本文从三代框架视角出发,采用混合研究方法考察中国城镇家庭照顾资源的代际分配与后果。本文发现,家庭照顾资源存在代际竞争;家庭普遍采取儿童优先原则,对老人仅作危机响应,老人端出现照顾赤字;社会照顾资源无法有效填补家庭老人照顾赤字,家庭存在难以兼顾老与小的焦虑。本文认为,照顾政策的支持不足加剧了儿童端对老人端家庭照顾的资源挤占,应完善政策支持系统,帮助家庭实现养老、养小和工作三者平衡。In the light of the rapid ageing population with a low fertility rate,Chinese families are challenged with a care deficit.This article examines how Chinese urban families cope with elderly care and childcare at the same time.By adopting a three-generational perspective,this mixedmethod study analyzes family care resource distribution and its consequences.It finds that the children are competing with the elderly for family care resources;families give priority to the children and only respond to the needs of the elderly in times of crisis,resulting in a care deficit for the elderly;social care resources cannot effectively fill the family’s elderly care deficit.We argue that the lack of support from care policies has worsened the crowding-out of family care resources for the elderly by the children,calling for developing a supportive policy system that helps families achieve a balance between elderly care,childcare and work.

关 键 词：照顾赤字 代际竞争 代际分配 三代框架 

分 类 号：D669.1[政治法律—政治学]