基于表层岩溶带调控的峰丛洼地低影响开发构建  

Low Impact Development construction of peak cluster depression based on regulation of epikarst zone

作　　者：姜光辉[1] 刘凡[1] 王奇岗 郭芳[1] JIANG Guanghui;LIU Fan;WANG Qigang;GUO Fang(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第2期165-173,共9页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB18221093);国家自然科学基金(42172287);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划(20180101-2)。

摘　　要：岩溶峰丛洼地地区石漠化、饮水困难和水污染等环境问题高发,生态环境十分脆弱。低影响开发概念的引入有助于规范开发行为,促进水资源的高效利用,降低石漠化和地下河污染风险。根据水文条件和开发方式岩溶洼地空间分为坡耕地水土流失敏感区、表层岩溶泉水源地敏感区和落水洞污染输入敏感区。低影响开发模式总体是在3类敏感区实现5个管理目标。坡耕地敏感区的低影响开发目标设置为降低农田耗水量和减少水土流失,开发途径是减少蒸发和调控坡面洪水径流。表层岩溶泉敏感区的管理目标是降雨-径流资源化利用和饮用水安全保障,通过实施雨水收集回用工程和设置水源地保护区来实现。落水洞敏感区需要通过设置径流缓冲区和沉淀过滤池来预防污染物进入。我国南方石漠化地区探索和总结出以表层岩溶带降雨-径流管理为特征的低影响开发模式。该模式要求峰丛顶部留置生态保护区涵养水源。岩溶洼地底部为落水洞排洪预留缓冲区,利用岩溶裂缝设置下凹式绿地,实现自然渗透和净化。“峰”、“洼”之间过渡区划定水源地保护区边界,同时设法增加雨水资源化利用率,补充生态和生活缺水量。低影响开发模式也适用于峰丛洼地发育的东南亚和中美洲等地区。Most of the bare karst areas environments with the widest distribution in southern China have peak cluster depression landforms.With high incidence of many environmental problems such as rocky desertification,flood,water shortage,and water pollution,the karst environment there is proved to be very fragile.For the bare karst environment,it has a very developed subterranean river drainage networks,causing most of the water resources to enter the aquifer,and then flow and discharge rapidly through the underground karst conduits.For a long time,as a karst living environment,the lack of water and soil resources have become the main cause of environmental degradation.The introduction of the concept of Low Impact Development(LID)is necessary and timely in the karst peak-cluster depression area,based the rich research and practice in southern China.It is believed to be effective for promoting the utilization of water resources,reducing human disturbance,and covering the other environmental problems,such as rocky desertification and risk of underground river pollution.The LID methods based on the regulation of the epikarst zone and sinkholes are mainly suitable for guiding the development of karst land in dolines and depressions.It is realized by solving the questions of how to plan the land use and to design the rural infrastructure according to the special hydrogeological conditions and epikarst hydrological process.The concept and technology of LID in view of urban facilities will give guidance for the construction of a holistic environmental remediation project in a rural area,including water resources storage,pollutant treatment,and land restoration for rocky desertification.It is very helpful to promote rural revitalization in the remote and fragile ecological environment area of karst rocky mountains.Karst dolines naturally have topographic and hydrogeological conditions that promote rapid rainfall infiltration.Controlled by monsoon climate,the karst environment is characterized by distinct rainy season and dry sea

关 键 词：低影响开发 集雨 石漠化治理 降雨补给 水柜 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]