二氧化硅气凝胶的制备、氨基改性及低温吸附CO_(2)性能研究进展  

Preparation and Amino Modification of Silica Aerogel and Its Low Temperature Adsorption of CO_(2):a Review

作　　者：范龄元 张梅[1] 郭敏[1] FAN Lingyuan;ZHANG Mei;GUO Min(School of Metallurgy and Ecological Engineering,Beijing University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第15期1-8,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1810205)。

摘　　要：随着温室效应的加剧,全球气候变暖、极端天气层出不穷,CO_(2)的高效捕集与封存势在必行。目前针对CO_(2)捕获技术主要包括胺溶液的吸收以及固体吸附剂的吸附分离。相比于液体吸收腐蚀性较强及易产生废弃物等不足,低温固体吸附剂因其使用过程对设备要求简单、能耗较低且环境友好,引起人们的广泛关注。其中,二氧化硅气凝胶比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径可控、表面易于修饰改性,低温下CO_(2)吸附量远高于沸石及活性炭,近年来,在CO_(2)吸附领域成为研究者关注的热点。影响SiO_(2)气凝胶吸附CO_(2)性能的主要因素有两个方面:一是气凝胶本身的结构特点,包括孔径、孔结构、比表面积及孔隙率等;二是气凝胶表面的官能团,包括碱性基团的数量及分布等,后者起着决定性作用。大量研究围绕气凝胶的修饰改性展开,目前主要采取氨基功能化、氮掺杂等方式引入碱性位点,从而大大提升SiO_(2)气凝胶对CO_(2)的吸附性能。然而改性剂有机胺的选择及其负载量、吸附剂中微孔/介孔/大孔的比例对CO_(2)吸附性能的影响机制尚不明晰。因此,基于SiO_(2)改性气凝胶孔结构的设计、碱性位点数量及其分布调控成为CO_(2)吸附性能进一步提升的关键所在。同时,提高吸附速率、优化制备工艺、降低生产成本也是未来研究工作的重点。本文综述了SiO_(2)气凝胶制备工艺对其微观结构的影响,归纳出SiO_(2)气凝胶氨基改性方法以及吸附过程的吸附机理,总结了硅基气凝胶吸附CO_(2)的研究进展,指出了目前存在的问题,为大幅度提高气凝胶CO_(2)低温吸附性能提供科学和实际参考。With the aggravation of greenhouse effect,global warming and extreme weather emerge in endlessly,and efficient capture and storage of CO_(2) become more and more imperative.At present,CO_(2) capture technology mainly includes amine solution absorption and solid adsorption.Compared with the strong corrosiveness and environmental⁃unfriendly characteristics of the liquid absorption,the solid adsorbents have attracted wide attention due to their simple equipment requirements,low energy consumption and environmental friendliness properties.Among them,silica aerogel,with high specific surface area,high porosity,controllable pore size,easily modified surface,has aroused much interest in the field of CO_(2) adsorption recently,which shows higher adsorption capacity of CO_(2) than zeolites and activated carbons at low temperature.There are two main factors affecting the CO_(2) adsorption performance of silica aerogel.One is the structure characteristics of aerogel,including pore size,pore structure,specific surface area,porosity,etc.The other one is the number and distribution of functional groups on the surface of aerogel.Among them,the latter one plays a decisive role in the CO_(2) adsorption property.A lot of studies have been carried out around the modification of silica aerogel.Currently,amino acid functionalization and nitrogen doping are used to introduce alkaline sites,which greatly improve the adsorption performance of SiO_(2)aerogel to CO_(2).However,the influence of the selection of organic amines and their carrying capacity,as well as the proportion of micropores/mesopores/macropores in the adsorbent on the adsorption performance of CO_(2)have not been clarified yet.Therefore,the design of pore structure of modified SiO_(2)aerogel and the regulation of distribution of alkaline sites has become the key issue to further improve the adsorption property of CO_(2).Meanwhile,improving adsorption rate,optimizing preparation process and reducing production cost are also the emphases of future research work.In this p

关 键 词：二氧化硅气凝胶 二氧化碳吸附 氨基改性 吸附剂 制备方法 

分 类 号：TF19[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]