法国社会党历史性衰退的原因与前景  

The Historic Decline of the French Socialist Party:Causes and Prospects

作　　者：吴国庆[1] Wu Guoqing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所

出　　处：《法语国家与地区研究（中法文）》2022年第3期1-10,90,共11页Etudes Francophones

摘　　要：自奥朗德总统任期以来,法国社会党经历了历史上的第四次衰退,导致了丧失执政权,直至边缘化等一系列后果。究其原因,社会党在执政时期未兑现“改变,就是现在”的承诺,法国经济继续不景气和严重的结构性失业;党内矛盾和分裂严重,加剧了社会党的衰退;阶级基础削弱以及党员队伍老化加速了社会党的衰退;左翼不团结,社会党孤军奋战,进一步加深了社会党衰退。然而,从这座“百多年老房子”的盛衰史来看,社会党及其所代表的政治文化不会在法国政治领域消亡,它在法国政治棋盘和政党格局中依然是不可替代的左翼代表。社会党第79次党代会确立了新政治纲领和目标,计划通过“新埃皮内”左翼大联合,在法国政坛实现东山再起和政权更替。但是,目前社会党复兴的不利因素超过有利因素,在2022年总统选举中无法实现其目标。社会党还必须长时间卧薪尝胆,才能有朝一日东山再起。Since President Hollande’s presidency,the French Socialist Party experienced its fourth recession in history,resulting in multiple fallout,from losing power to becoming marginalized.The reasons were numerous:the Socialist Party failed to fulfill its promise of“change is now”during its ruling period and ended up with prolonged economic downturn and severe structural unemployment;the party was internally ridden with grave strife and divisions;and the class foundation of the party was weakened and its party members aging and out of sync with the times.Further,that the French political left forces lacked unity and the socialist had to fight alone in the political arena further deepened the decline of the party.Judging by the rise and fall of the Socialist Party,a“hundred-yearold house”,the party and the political culture it represents will not disappear from the French political arena.It is still an irreplaceable representative left-wing force on the French political chessboard.The 79th Party Congress of the Socialist Party elaborated a new political program and goals,planning to achieve a revival of fortunes in French politics through the“New Epiney”left-wing coalition.However,the current socialist drive for its revival met with strong headwinds and scored very poorly in the 2022 presidential election.The Socialist Party will presumably have to work very hard for a long while before it can make a comeback.

关 键 词：社会党 左翼历史衰退 左翼大联合 

分 类 号：G219.3[文化科学—新闻学]