地膜厚度与揭膜时间对旱作农田春玉米生长及残膜回收的影响  

Effects of Film Thickness and Film-Uncovering Time on the Growth of Spring Maize and the Recovery of Residual Film in Dry Farmland

作　　者：丁云鹏 潘文辉 龙美 张候平 温晓霞[1] DING Yunpeng;PAN Wenhui;LONG Mei;ZHANG Houping;WEN Xiaoxia(College of Agronomy,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第8期1096-1104,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901102)。

摘　　要：地膜厚度与揭膜时间影响作物产量,且地膜厚度与揭膜时间均与其回收相关,而前人多为单因素研究地膜厚度与揭膜时间对产量的影响。试验于2020—2021年在中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站连续进行了2季的春玉米田间试验,以双因素耦合效应对春玉米生长及揭膜回收的影响进行分析,采用双因素随机区组设计,设置3个地膜厚度:0.008(H1)、0.010(H2)、0.012 mm(H3),2个揭膜时间:抽雄期(T1)、收获后(T2),共6个处理,分析了不同地膜厚度与揭膜时间对土壤贮水量、土壤温度、干物质积累量以及产量及其构成因素、水分利用效率和地膜回收率的影响。结果表明,三叶期至抽雄期不涉及揭膜时间的影响,故只分析地膜厚度对各指标的影响,2 a的土壤贮水量、土壤温度及干物质积累量均表现为H3>H2>H1;乳熟期和成熟期的双因素分析表明,2 a土壤贮水量和土壤温度以H3T2处理最高,而干物质积累量以H3T1处理最高,产量、水分利用效率和地膜回收率均以H3T1处理最高。因此,0.012 mm厚度地膜覆盖(H3)和抽雄期揭膜(T1)是黄土高原雨养农业区春玉米既增产又生态环保的一种理想覆膜管理模式。The thickness of mulch film and the film-uncovering time not only affect the crop yield,but also are related to the residual film recovery rate.However,most previous studies used single factor experiment to study the influence of the mulch film thickness and the film-uncovering time on the yield.In this study,a 2-year field experiment of spring maize was conducted in the Changwu Loess Plateau Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2020 to 2021,a two-factor coupling effect was used to analyze the growth condition of spring maize and residual film recycling rate.A two-factor randomized block design was used to set a total of 6 treatments with 3 film thicknesses:0.008 mm(H1),0.010 mm(H2),0.012 mm(H3),and 2 film-uncovering time:tasseling period(T1),post-harvest(T2).The effects of different film thickness and filmuncovering time on soil water storage,soil temperature,dry matter accumulation,yield and its components,water use efficiency,and film recycling rate were analyzed.The results showed that from the three-leaf stage to the tasseling stage,the effect of the filmuncovering time was not involved,so the influence of film thickness on each index was only analyzed,which indicated that the soil water storage,soil temperature and dry matter accumulation in 2 years were all in the order of H3>H2>H1.The bivariate analysis of milk ripe stage and maturity stage showed that the soil water storage and soil temperature were the highest in H3T2,while the dry matter accumulation was the highest in H3T1 in 2020-2021.The yield,water use efficiency,and film recycling rate were the highest in H3T1.In conclusion,mulching with 0.012 mm thickness(H3)and film-uncovering at the tasseling stage(T1)would be an ideal film mulching management mode for spring maize in the rain-fed agricultural area of the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：地膜厚度 揭膜时间 春玉米生长 产量 地膜回收率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]