不同耕作方式下玉米抗旱保苗及土壤蓄水保墒效应的层次递进分析  

Hierarchical Progressive Analysis of the Effects of Seedling Preservation,Drought Resistance,Soil Water Storage,and Moisture Conservation of Maize under Different Tillage Methods

作　　者：姜春霞 单宇茜 杜宇昕 杜瑞卿[2] 刘恩科[1] 张冬梅 JIANG Chunxia;SHAN Yuqian;DU Yuxin;DU Ruiqing;LIU Enke;ZHANG Dongmei(Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in preparation)/Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang 473061,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹)/有机旱作山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031 [2]南阳师范学院生命科学与农业工程学院,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第8期1184-1189,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202001-5);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211002-7);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2021YFD1901100);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300305)。

摘　　要：为了筛选出适宜山西中晚熟玉米种植区的抗旱保苗蓄墒的耕作方式,通过设置耕作时期、耕作方法、深耕(深松)间隔期三因素不完全随机区组试验,研究其对玉米苗期0~30 cm土壤含水量、玉米出苗状况、成熟期0~200 cm土壤贮水量的影响,并采用层次递进分析法,筛选出适宜该区域的抗旱保苗蓄墒的耕作方式。结果表明,耕作方式对0~30 cm土壤含水率、玉米出苗率、成熟期0~200 cm土壤贮水量都有极显著影响;多重比较、层次Q型聚类、综合判别分析法将15种耕作方式分成三大类,分类正确率达100%,筛选出最好的耕作方式是:秋隔年深松+秋旋耕、秋隔年深松+春旋耕,其中,秋隔年深松+秋旋耕、秋隔年深松+春旋耕处理0~30 cm土壤含水量分别为14.8%、15.0%,出苗率分别为93.3%、93.0%,成熟期0~200 cm土壤贮水量分别为418、415 mm,分别较秋旋耕(秸秆不还田)、春旋耕(秸秆不还田)、连旋带播的平均值提高了1.9、2.1百分点,4.4、4.1百分点,44.3、41.3 mm。综上所述,秋隔年深松+秋旋耕、秋隔年深松+春旋耕增加了0~30 cm土壤含水量,提高了0~200 cm土壤贮水量,改善了土壤的蓄水保墒能力,有利于玉米的出苗,可作为该区旱地农业提高土壤蓄水保墒能力的耕作措施。The study was conducted in order to screen the suitable tillage method for drought resistance,seedling preservation,and soil water storage in the medium-late maize planting areas of Shanxi province.An experiment of three-factor incomplete random block group about tillage period,tillage method,and deep tillage(subsoiling)was carried to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture content of 0-30 cm in maize seedling stage,emergence status of maize,and soil water storage of 0-200 cm in mature stage.The hierarchical progressive analysis method was adopted to screen the suitable tillage methods for drought resistance,seedling preservation and moisture storage in this area.The results showed that tillage methods had an extremely significant impact on soil moisture content of 0-30 cm,emergence rate of maize,and soil water storage of 0-200 cm in mature stage.By multiple comparison,hierarchical Q-type clustering,and comprehensive discriminant analysis,15 tillage methods were basically divided into three categories,and the classification accuracy was basically 100%.The best tillage methods were:autumn alternate year subsoiling+autumn rotary tillage,autumn alternate year subsoiling+spring rotary tillage.The soil water content of 0-30 cm,the emergence rate,the soil water storage capacity of 0-200 cm of autumn alternate year subsoiling+autumn rotary tillage and autumn alternate year subsoiling+spring rotary tillage were 14.8%and 15.0%,93.3%and 93.0%,418 mm and 415 mm,respectively,1.9 and 2.1,4.4 and 4.1 percentage point,and 44.3 mm and 41.3 mm higher than the average value of those of autumn rotary tillage(the straw is not returned to the field),spring rotary tillage(the straw is not returned to the field),and continuous rotation and sowing.The results indicated that autumn alternate year subsoiling+autumn rotary tillage and autumn alternate year subsoiling+spring rotary tillage increased the soil moisture content of 0-30 cm and soil water storage of 0-200 cm,improved the soil capacity of water storage and

关 键 词：耕作方式 土壤蓄水保墒效应 层次递进分析法 层次Q型聚类分析法 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]