大亚湾海水、表层沉积物中重金属含量及其分布特征  

Distribution characters of heavy metals in seawater and surface sediments in Daya Bay

作　　者：田丰歌[1,2] 倪志鑫 黄彬彬[1,2] 娄全胜 钟煜宏 邓伟[1,2] TIAN Fengge;NI Zhixin;HUANG Binbin;LOU Quansheng;ZHONG Yuhong;DENG Wei(South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,SOA,Guangzhou 510300,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,MNR,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,广东广州510300 [2]自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2022年第3期462-474,共13页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：中国海洋发展基金会资助项目(CODF-002-ZX-2021);广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设项目资助项目(2021B1212050025)。

摘　　要：2014年8月和2019年8月分别对大亚湾海水以及表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr的含量进行了两次调查,分析了各重金属元素的含量分布特征、超标情况及其变化趋势。结果表明,海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr在2019年的平均含量分别为0.9、0.8、4.2、0.01、0.33μg/L,与2014年相比,各重金属元素在大亚湾湾内的含量明显下降。2014年,大亚湾海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的高值区靠近石化区第1条排污管线排污口所在海域。受石化区第2条排污管线投入使用的影响,2019年海水中Pb、Zn、Cr含量的高值区均位于大亚湾湾口附近,呈现出湾口含量高于湾内的分布特征。表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr在2019年的平均含量分别为14.3、31.6、74.4、0.07、27.1μg/g,与2014年相比,Cd的平均含量明显下降,Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量出现小幅上升。表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征在两次调查中基本相似,各重金属元素含量均在湾顶的石化区南侧海域较高,这与大亚湾的水动力特征以及陆源输入等因素有关。根据2019年的调查结果,海水中Pb的含量在大亚湾湾口和大鹏澳湾口附近超过第一类海水水质标准,其他元素未出现超标现象。表层沉积物中各重金属元素含量全部符合第一类海洋沉积物标准。The distributions of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr in seawater and surface sediments of Daya Bay were investigated based on 2 cruises in August,2014 and August,2019.The results showed that the average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr in seawater were 0.9,0.8,4.2,0.01 and 0.33μg/L,respectively,in 2019.Compared to 2014,the contents of heavy metals in seawater of inner bay decreased significantly.The high contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cr were found in seawater close to the discharge outlet of the first petrochemical sewage pipeline in Daya Bay in 2014.However in 2019 affected by the discharge of the second petrochemical sewage pipeline,the high contents of Pb,Zn in seawater were mainly located at the mouth of Daya Bay.In 2019 the average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr in surface sediments were 14.3,31.6,74.4,0.07 and 27.1μg/g,respectively.Compared to 2014 the average content of Cd in the surface sediments decreased significantly,but the average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn increased slightly.The contents of heavy metals in the surface sediments in the southern sea area of the petrochemical industrial zone were high in both 2014 and 2019.The distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments were related to the hydrodynamics and land-based factors of Daya Bay.According to the results of 2019,the contents of Cu,Zn,Cd and Cr in the seawater were all met the classⅠof national Sea Water Quality Standard(GB 3097-1997),wherea the content of Pb in 17.6%samples exceeded the class I of the standard.The contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr in the surface sediments were all met the classⅠof national standard Marine Sediment Quality(GB 18668-2002).

关 键 词：海洋化学 水质 表层沉积物 重金属 分布 大亚湾 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]