GATT第21条可适用性研究  

Research on the Applicability of Article XXI of GATT

作　　者：尚轩宇 Shang Xuanyu

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2022年第2期41-54,共14页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：随着国家安全概念不断扩充,借国家安全之名在各领域设立国际贸易壁垒的行为屡见不鲜,在涉及其他多边货物贸易协定的贸易争端中援引GATT第21条安全例外条款抗辩的案件逐渐增多,不断冲击WTO多边贸易机制的稳定性。针对该问题,可以GATT第20条可适用性问题的解释实践为基础,结合GATT第21条的固有特征和《WTO协定》内各多边货物贸易协定及其与入世议定书间的整体关系,对GATT第21条在不同协定下的可适用性问题进行具体分析。于我国而言,厘清GATT第21条可适用性问题一方面有助于在部分由针对我国贸易限制措施引发的贸易争端中提前排除对安全例外条款的恶意援引,同时又有利于在我国国家安全相关政策法规与国际贸易规则可能产生的摩擦中维护我国正当国家安全利益。With the continuous expansion of national security,it is common to set up international trade barriers in various fields in the name of it. The cases of invoking Article XXI of GATT as defense in none-GATT agreements disputes are gradually increasing,which has challenged the stability of WTO multilateral trade mechanism. To solve this problem,this paper analyses the applicability of GATT security exception clause under specific agreements. The analysis is based on the experience of application of GATT exception clauses in practice,combined with the inherent characteristics of Article XXI of GATT,and further considered the overall relationship between multilateral trade agreements in the WTO Agreement and accession protocols. For China,clarifying the applicability of Article XXI of GATT will not only help to eliminate the malicious invocation of this article in some trade disputes caused by trade restrictive measures against China,but also help to safeguard China’s legitimate national security interests in the possible friction between China’s national security related regulations and international trade rules.

关 键 词：GATT第21条 安全例外条款 可适用性 国家安全 入世议定书 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]