阻断法实施的严格进路——欧洲法院伊朗Melli银行案对中国的启示  

Strict Approach to the Implementation of Blocking Statute——ECJ Melli Bank Case and Its Reference Significance to China

作　　者：陈若鸿[1,2] Chen Ruohong

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际商学院 [2]北京外国语大学国际商学院跨国制裁与出口管制研究中心

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2022年第2期91-109,共19页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：阻断法实施的复杂性在于它很容易令本国企业陷入两难困境,因此很多国家尽量避免触发阻断法。2021年,在一起欧盟企业涉嫌违反阻断法的伊朗Melli银行案中,欧洲法院却采取了一条严格实施进路,不仅允许外国实体起诉欧盟企业,还要求被诉企业说明终止合同的理由,甚至要求对违法者进行严厉惩罚。在美国次级制裁可能升级的背景下,该案阻断法的实施强度引发了各界密切关注。本文分析了该案中欧洲法院佐审官的法律意见书和法院判决书,探讨了裁判背后的考量因素。文章指出,欧洲法院一方面通过阻断法的严格实施为欧盟提供了与美国进行政治谈判的筹码,另一方面又以系统性思维指导阻断法的实施,在追求阻断法目标时始终观照着企业的商业自由和利益。文章从阻断法触发条件、举证责任、违法判定标准、是否允许外国实体挑战本国企业等角度探讨了该案对中国的借鉴意义。The complexity of strict implementation of blocking statute is that it might bring domestic enterprises into a dilemma,which explains why many countries avoid triggering blocking statute. In 2021,in the case of Melli Bank,European Court of Justice puts forward an approach to strictly implement EU blocking statute which not only provides foreign entity with access to private enforcement,but also requires the defendant to justify its termination of contractual relationship. Against the background of escalating US secondary sanctions,this approach caught the eyeballs of the world. This article discusses the considerations behind both the legal opinion and decision of ECJ. In this case,the mandatory and strict nature of the blocking law provides the European Union with a bargaining chip for political negotiations with the United States. Meanwhile,the implementation of the blocking law is guided with systematic thinking,taking into consideration its impact on business freedom. This paper discusses the reference significance of this case to China,such as the triggering conditions of blocking law duty,burden of proof,as well as whether foreign entities are allowed to challenge domestic enterprises.

关 键 词：阻断法 欧盟 域外效力 制裁 外国主权强制 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]