蟒河国家级自然保护区华北豹栖息地选择  

North China Leopard Habitat Selection in Manghe National Natural Reserve

作　　者：满慧 黄保祥 齐进哲 姜广顺[1] MAN Hui;HUANG Baoxiang;QI Jinzhe;JIANG Guangshun(Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心,东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第3期585-594,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872241,31572285);中央高校基本科研专项资金平台项目(2572022DS04)。

摘　　要：华北豹(Panthera pardus japonensis)作为我国特有的豹亚种,是华北地区森林生态系统中的顶级捕食者之一,在维持生态系统的结构稳定和功能发挥中起着不可或缺的生态作用,但目前国内外对于华北豹种群空间分布及其栖息地选择等基本生态学规律了解依然十分不足,严重限制了科学保护策略的制定。本研究基于自动相机监测数据,应用资源选择函数模型(RSFs)对山西阳城蟒河国家级自然保护区内的华北豹种群空间分布和栖息地选择进行了分析,探讨华北豹的潜在猎物、自然环境、人为景观以及人类活动等因素对其栖息地选择的影响。结果表明:华北豹的出现概率随蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)的出现而显著增加,随家畜与狗的出现而显著降低,水源地和植被状况也是影响华北豹栖息地选择的重要因素。应加强不同空间尺度下华北豹种群时空分布及其驱动因素的研究,探索环境、气候变化以及人为干扰等多因素胁迫下华北豹的生态适应机制,为更加科学有效地保护华北豹种群,实现人豹和谐共存提供理论依据。North China leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis)is a endemic leopard subspecies and one of the top predators in forest ecosystems in northern China.It plays an important ecological role in maintaining the ecosystem structural stability and functionality.However,a lack of understanding about basic ecological rules of North China leopard at home and abroad at present,such as population distribution and habitat selection.These will seriously limits the development of North China leopard conservation.In this study,the spatial distribution and habitat selection of North China leopard populations within the Manghe National Nature Reserve in Shanxi was studied.Based on camera trapping data,we used Resource Selection Function models(RSFs)to study the influence of potential prey,natural environment,human landscape and human activities on their habitat selection.Our results showed that the occurrence probability of North China leopards increased significantly with the emergence of Tolai hare(Lepus tolai),but decreased significantly with the emergence of livestock and dogs.In addition,we also found that water source and vegetation conditions are also important factors affecting the habitat selection of North China leopard.This study provides essential data basis and theoretical guidance for the North China leopard distribution area to formulate protection measures such as human disturbance control,prey recovery and habitat restoration.At the same time,we emphasizes that the research on the temporal and spatial distribution of North China leopard population and its driving factors at different scales should be strengthened.We should explore the ecological adaptation of North China leopards under the stress of multiple factors such as the environment,climate change and human disturbance.This will provide a theoretical support for scientifically resolving human-leopard conflicts and population conservation of North China leopard.

关 键 词：华北豹 栖息地选择 资源选择函数 蟒河 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]