丹顶鹤的保护遗传学与保护基因组学研究  

Research on Conservation Genetics and Genomics of Red-Crowned Cranes

作　　者：李菲凡 胡东宇 LI Feifan;HU Dongyu(Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life in Northeast Asia,Paleontological Museum of Liaoning,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang,110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学,辽宁古生物博物馆,辽宁省东北亚生物进化与环境变迁重点实验室,沈阳110034

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第3期845-851,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42072030)。

摘　　要：丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)是一种大型濒危鸟类,现存数量不足4000只,分成两个地理隔离的野生种群——大陆种群(2000只)和岛屿种群(1900只),生活于亚洲东北部。两个种群的遗传结构没有显著分化,但大陆种群比岛屿种群的遗传多样性更高。中国是大陆种群的主要栖息地,目前保护工作依然任务艰巨,对大陆种群遗传多样性的深入认识和保护迫在眉睫。本文回顾了过去40年对丹顶鹤实施全面保护以来,在丹顶鹤与其他鹤类的系统演化关系、丹顶鹤岛屿和大陆种群遗传多样性、亲子鉴定与亲族区域地理分布、线粒体基因组及全基因组等方面的研究进展,探讨了目前迫切需要解决的大陆种群内部遗传分化与交流、人工繁殖种群遗传谱系与基因信息库的建设等问题,以及新的基因组学技术在今后丹顶鹤保护中的潜在作用。The red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis)is a large,endangered bird species native to Northeastern Asia.Currently,fewer than 4,000 wild individuals are divided into two geographically isolated populations:the migratory population on mainland(2,000 birds)and nonmigratory population in Hokkaido,Japan(1,900 birds).Although the two populations do not show significant genetic divergence from one another,genetic diversity of the mainland population is greater than that of the island population.China is the main habitat of the mainland population,and the protection of the red-crowned cranes in China still encounters great challenges.The research on and protection of genetic diversity of the mainland population thus becomes crucial to overcome the challenges.This paper reviews the studies of the phylogeny of red-crowned crane and other crane species,genetic diversity of the two populations of red-crowned cranes,parentage identification and regional geographic distribution of relatives,mitochondrial genome and whole genome,etc over the past 40 years of the comprehensive protection of red-crowned cranes.Importantly,the paper discusses the urgent issues of genetic differentiation and gene flow within the mainland population,genetic genealogy and database of the artificial breeding population,and the potential role of emerging genomic technology in the conservation of red-crowned cranes.

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 遗传多样性保护 基因组学 线粒体DNA 微卫星 全基因组 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]