论数字经济反垄断的范式转变——以欧盟《数字市场法》为镜鉴  

On the Paradigm Shift of Anti-Monopoly in the Digital Economy:Taking the EU Digital Markets Act as a Mirror

作　　者：林秀芹[1,2,3,4] Lin Xiuqin

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]厦门大学一带一路研究院 [3]厦门大学知识产权研究院 [4]中国法学会知识产权法学研究会

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第7期3-19,共17页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：在数字经济时代反垄断法面临新的挑战,大型数字平台携数据、资金、网络等多重优势构筑难以撼动的市场地位,进而实施自我优待、数据不当合并、数据不兼容、施加不公平交易条件等不当行为。此类不当行为实质排除或限制了市场竞争,然建立于相关市场界定地基上的传统反垄断法难以有效规制此类不当行为。我国2022年《反垄断法》专门增加了针对数字市场的反垄断条款,但过于原则、抽象。欧洲议会通过的《数字市场法》(DMA)堪称数字时代的反垄断法,在立法目标、规制理念和规制路径方面均有创新,创制了“守门人”的新概念,并用具体的“黑名单”“灰名单”规则规制垄断行为,将开启“数字治理的新纪元”,为我国数字市场反垄断提供可咨借鉴的有益经验。In the era of digital economy, the anti-monopoly law is facing new challenges.Large digital platforms have established endured market position through controlling data, capital and network, by which they are able to implement misconducts such as self-preferential treatment,improper data merger, data incompatibility, and imposing unfair trading conditions. Such misconducts may exclude or restrict market competition, however, the traditional anti-monopoly law, based on the inevitable step of defining the relevant market, cannot effectively regulate such misconducts.Recently, the newly revised Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law specifically adds anti-monopoly provisions for the digital market, but it is too principled and abstract. The EU Digital Markets Act(DMA) may be regarded as the anti-monopoly law in the digital age, while it shows many innovations in legislative goals, regulatory concepts and regulatory mechanisms. Among others, the DMA adopts a new concept of "gatekeeper", and provides specific rules of "black list" and "grey list" to regulate monopolistic behaviors. The act signifies a "new era of digital governance" and may serve as a helpful model for China’s further improvement on the anti-monopoly of digital market.

关 键 词：数字经济 反垄断 范式转变 数字市场法 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] D95[政治法律—法学] DD912.29