淮河流域男性居民戒烟与呼吸道慢性病关系的研究  

Effects of smoking cessation on respiratory health and related chronic diseases among male residents in the Huaihe River Basin

作　　者：徐晓程 张晗[1,3] 邹天森[1,3] 吕占禄[1,3] 郭凌川 罗斌[1] 张金良[1,3] Xu Xiaocheng;Zhang Han;Zou Tiansen;Lyu Zhanlu;Guo Lingchuan;Luo Bin;Zhang Jinliang(State Key Lab of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生研究所,兰州730000 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境健康风险评估与研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《结核与肺部疾病杂志》2022年第4期261-268,共8页Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

基　　金：环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室专项经费(22060204005)。

摘　　要：目的:通过淮河流域7个县(区)的调查分析了解农村男性居民呼吸系统症状及慢性病与戒烟行为的关系,为农村地区控烟工作和健康促进提供科学依据。方法:2015年11月至2018年10月在淮河流域7个县(区)采用目的抽样抽取乡镇和自然村,机械随机抽取20~70岁当地居民,由统一培训的调查员使用自主设计的问卷进行入户调查。选择1583名男性居民为研究对象,采用logistic回归模型分析呼吸系统症状及慢性病与吸烟、戒烟行为的关系。结果:调查地区男性居民吸烟率为49.3%(781/1583),戒烟率为26.3%(278/1059)。logistic多因素分析显示,戒烟者报告咳嗽的发生风险显著低于现在吸烟者(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.43~0.89),非因病戒烟者报告咳嗽(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.32~0.83)、慢性咳嗽(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.06~0.63)、咳痰(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.34~0.87)的发生风险显著低于现在吸烟者。累计吸烟≥30年的戒烟者报告慢性咳痰(OR=3.11,95%CI:1.03~9.40)和喘息(OR=5.73,95%CI:2.05~16.04)的发生风险显著高于累计吸烟<30年者;戒烟≥3年者报告咳嗽(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.20~0.81)和气短(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.37~1.00)的发生风险显著低于戒烟<3年者。结论:非因病戒烟可以明显降低调查地区男性吸烟居民呼吸系统症状及慢性病的患病风险,累计吸烟时间越短、戒烟时间越长戒烟效益越明显。Objective:To understand the effects of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases among rural male residents in 7 counties of the Huaihe River Basin,which might provide scientific evidence for tobacco control and health promotion in rural China.Methods:From November 2015 to October 2018,participants aged 20-70 from 7 counties of Huaihe river basin were selected with purposive sampling and household interview for every participant was completed using self-designed questionnaire by uniformly trained investigators.Totally 1583 male participants were included.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of smoking or smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases.Results:The smoking rate was 49.3%(781/1583),and the smoking cessation rate was 26.3%(278/1059).Compared with current smokers,ex-smokers showed a lower risk of cough(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.43-0.89).The ex-smokers who quit smoking for non-health reasons had lower risks of cough(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.32-0.83),chronic cough(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.63)and expectoration(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.34-0.87)than those current smokers.For those ex-smokers who had been smoking≥30 years,the risks of chronic expectoration(OR=3.11,95%CI:1.03-9.40)and wheezing(OR=5.73,95%CI:2.05-16.04)were significantly higher than those who had been smoking<30 years.Meanwhile,the risks of cough(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.20-0.81)and shortness of breath(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.37-1.00)for the ex-smokers who had quit smoking≥3 years were significantly lower than those who had quit<3 years.Conclusion:Smoking cessation for non-health reasons was related to decreased risks of respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases for male smokers in rural Huaihe River Basin.The shorter the cumulative smoking year,the longer the smoking cessation period,the more obvious health benefits will be gained by smoking cessation.

关 键 词：戒烟 体征和症状 呼吸系统 呼吸道疾病 淮河流域 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]