论方东树“以文论诗”之独特价值  

On the Unique Value of Fang Dongshu’s "Poetical Criticism with the Text"

作　　者：张月 ZHANG Yue(Department of College Chinese Lierature,Shangdong Uninersity,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期88-95,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：方东树《昭昧詹言》核心的诗学理念是“以文论诗”,这一理念长久以来未获重视,甚至一度还被认为因袭桐城先辈之窠臼而具有保守性,由此受到贬低。但是方东树的“以文论诗”具有独特性,体现在两个方面:在与传统诗家以文论诗的比较方面,方东树的“以文论诗”更为细致、全面、深入,更注重脉络构建。在与桐城前辈诗文观念的比较方面,对方苞,方东树在其“义法说”中添加了立诚、文法、道德等内容,对其尚略倾向有了笔法、章法、句法上的细致说明;对刘大櫆,方东树从创作与鉴赏入手,分析了诗与人的关系,变刘大櫆的神、气、势、法为学、才、法、识之排序,提出以顿挫之法相济,强调外部气韵;对姚范,方东树继承其创意造言的观念,提出专一用功而后博学诸家的学诗取径,去除“援据”,强调“序题”,更强调古文对诗歌创作的塑造提升作用;对姚鼐,方东树绕开其“考据”之说,重铸“文、理、义”来强调诗歌之内核与外壳,承接其“阳刚”之美的论述,又对可能造成的弊病和补救方法进行创造性说明。整体而言,方东树的“以文论诗”在打通诗与文二者关系、对桐城家法之继承与创新、丰富传统诗学之内蕴等方面具有不容忽视的独特价值。The core poetics idea, "poetical criticism with the Text", demonstrated in Zhaomeizhanyan by Fang Dongshu has been ignored for a long time, and even regarded as conservative in accordance with the conventional pattern of Tongcheng elder scholars, thus being belittled. However, Fang Dongshu’s "Poetical Criticism with the Text" has a very outstanding uniqueness, which is reflected in two aspects. In terms of comparing with traditional poets, Fang Dongshu’s "Poetical Criticism with the Text" is more detailed, comprehensive, in-depth and pays more attention to the construction of context. In terms of comparison with the poetic concepts of Tongcheng predecessors, for Fang Bao: Fang Dongshu added Li Cheng, grammar and morality to Fang Bao’s "theory of righteousness and law". Meanwhile, there is a detailed explanation of Fang Bao’s slight tendency in brushwork, rules and syntax. For Liu Dakui: Fang Dongshu starts with creation and appreciation, analyzes the relationship between poetry and people. Then he changes Liu Dakui’s spirit, momentum, law as the ranking of learning, talent, law and knowledge. And he proposes to the methods of pause turning to combined, emphasizing external charm. For Yao Fan: Fang Dongshu inherits his concept of creative speech creation, puts forward the path of learning poetry by Master one person first, and then learn from others. He removes "cite examples", emphasizes "Outline", and think highly of the shaping and promotion of ancient prose poetry creation. For Yao Nai: Fang Dongshu bypasses his theory of "textual research" and remakes "literary, reason and meaning" to emphasize the core and appearance of poetry. He undertakes the discussion of Yao Nai’s "virile" beauty, and creatively explain the possible disadvantages and remedies. On the whole, Fang Dongshu’s "Poetical Criticism with the Text" has unique value that cannot be ignored in opening up the relationship between poetry and literature, inheriting and innovating Tongcheng’s family law, and enriching the connotation of

关 键 词：《昭昧詹言》 以文论诗 独特价值 比较 创新 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]